"A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices"
About this Quote
The line is vintage William James because it fuses moral critique with a clinical observation about the mind. In his era, "thinking" was increasingly professionalized by universities and modern science, yet public life still ran on religion, nationalism, class habits, and the swagger of certainty. James pushes against the Victorian faith that reasoning naturally refines us. Reasoning, he suggests, often functions as a defense mechanism, not a truth-seeking tool - a way to launder instinct into argument.
Subtextually, it’s a warning about identity. Prejudices are not just opinions; they are social affiliations and emotional investments. To revise them can mean losing a tribe, a narrative, even a sense of being the "good" kind of person. So the mind improvises: it calls justification "analysis", calls familiarity "common sense", calls discomfort "bias" - in the other guy.
The quote endures because it preempts modern discourse habits with eerie precision: hot takes that mimic inquiry, information diets that confirm, and debates where the goal is victory, not revision. James isn’t urging purity; he’s demanding honesty about what our thinking is for.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
James, William. (2026, January 15). A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/a-great-many-people-think-they-are-thinking-when-22111/
Chicago Style
James, William. "A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices." FixQuotes. January 15, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/a-great-many-people-think-they-are-thinking-when-22111/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices." FixQuotes, 15 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/a-great-many-people-think-they-are-thinking-when-22111/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.








