"All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or stimulates the persons in that space"

Philip Johnson draws a distinction between the mere function of architecture and the transformative power of great design. At its most basic, architecture serves as shelter, a protective barrier, a place to live and exist. However, greatness in architecture transcends basic needs and becomes an experience. It is not simply about enclosing space, but about shaping it to elicit emotional responses and foster human interaction. Johnson suggests that when architects design beyond function, they begin to craft environments that nurture, uplift, or excite those within.

Great architecture is described as having the ability to “contain, cuddle, exalt, or stimulate.” This highlights the sensory and psychological effects of well-conceived spaces. A skillfully designed room can feel inviting and comforting, the way a cozy alcove might “cuddle” its occupants. Grand halls or cathedrals “exalt,” encouraging awe and reflection, a testament to the power of space to influence state of mind. Meanwhile, dynamic, innovative environments can “stimulate,” prompting creativity or social engagement. The use of words such as “cuddles” and “exalts” reflects the deep, human-centered approach Johnson advocates, making architecture a partner in everyday life rather than just a backdrop.

By focusing on the relationships between people and their surroundings, the quote emphasizes architecture’s potential as an expressive medium. Walls, light, proportions, and flow are tools for shaping experience, not just fulfilling practical requirements. The artistry is in how space is designed to connect with those who use it, a blend of aesthetics, psychology, and empathy.

Johnson’s perspective urges us to reconsider our built environment. Rather than viewing buildings as static or utilitarian objects, he invites us to appreciate them as living spaces that have the power to affect our core emotions and elevate the ordinary. In calling for architecture that contains, cuddles, exalts, or stimulates, he champions a holistic, humanistic vision for design.