"All warfare is based on deception"
About this Quote
War isn’t the clash of armies Sun Tzu wants you to picture; it’s the clash of perceptions. “All warfare is based on deception” is less a sexy maxim than a ruthless operating principle: the battlefield is the enemy’s mind, and victory goes to whoever edits reality first. The line works because it collapses morality and strategy into one cold sentence. Sun Tzu doesn’t argue that deception is sometimes useful; he frames it as the substrate. If that’s true, then “honor” becomes a costume war wears for public consumption, not a rule it obeys.
The specific intent is practical: win with minimum cost. Deception isn’t merely trickery; it’s asymmetry. Feign strength to deter an attack, project weakness to bait overextension, conceal intent to control the enemy’s options. The subtext is managerial and almost modern: information is a weapon, and uncertainty is the most scalable force multiplier. You don’t need better soldiers if you can make the other side march to the wrong hill.
Context matters. Sun Tzu writes in a world of fractured states and grinding campaigns, where prolonged war bleeds treasuries, legitimacy, and manpower. In that environment, the cleanest victory is the one that avoids battle outright. Deception becomes a kind of grim mercy, the route to decisive outcomes without endless slaughter. It also foreshadows something uncomfortably contemporary: propaganda, cyberwarfare, strategic leaks, and “messaging” aren’t distortions of war’s essence. They’re the essence, finally named.
The specific intent is practical: win with minimum cost. Deception isn’t merely trickery; it’s asymmetry. Feign strength to deter an attack, project weakness to bait overextension, conceal intent to control the enemy’s options. The subtext is managerial and almost modern: information is a weapon, and uncertainty is the most scalable force multiplier. You don’t need better soldiers if you can make the other side march to the wrong hill.
Context matters. Sun Tzu writes in a world of fractured states and grinding campaigns, where prolonged war bleeds treasuries, legitimacy, and manpower. In that environment, the cleanest victory is the one that avoids battle outright. Deception becomes a kind of grim mercy, the route to decisive outcomes without endless slaughter. It also foreshadows something uncomfortably contemporary: propaganda, cyberwarfare, strategic leaks, and “messaging” aren’t distortions of war’s essence. They’re the essence, finally named.
Quote Details
| Topic | War |
|---|---|
| Source | Sun Tzu, The Art of War, trans. Lionel Giles (1910), Chapter I ("Laying Plans") — contains the line "All warfare is based on deception". |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Tzu, Sun. (2026, January 18). All warfare is based on deception. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/all-warfare-is-based-on-deception-13828/
Chicago Style
Tzu, Sun. "All warfare is based on deception." FixQuotes. January 18, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/all-warfare-is-based-on-deception-13828/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"All warfare is based on deception." FixQuotes, 18 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/all-warfare-is-based-on-deception-13828/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.
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