"Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences"
About this Quote
The intent is practical and quietly radical. Skinner isn’t describing consequences as a moral aftertaste; he’s treating them as an engine. Rewards and punishments don’t merely respond to behavior, they select it. The subtext is that “choice” is less sacred than we’d like, and “character” is often a story we tell after the environment has already done the shaping. That’s why the sentence is passive: “is shaped and maintained.” No heroic subject. Just a system doing its work.
Context matters: mid-20th-century America, flush with faith in engineering solutions, from factories to classrooms. Skinner offered a psychology that could be operationalized - measurable inputs, observable outputs - and that promise of control is the quote’s shadow. Read generously, it’s a tool for designing kinder institutions: reinforce learning, don’t just punish failure. Read skeptically, it’s the blueprint for everything from manipulative advertising to workplace “gamification,” where the consequence is always calibrated to keep you clicking, buying, complying.
Its power comes from how it swaps explanation for leverage. It doesn’t ask who you are. It asks what you’re being trained to become.
Quote Details
| Topic | Learning |
|---|---|
| Source | Verified source: Beyond Freedom and Dignity (B. F. Skinner, 1971)
Evidence: It is now clear that we must take into account what the environment does to an organism not only before but after it responds. Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Once this fact is recognized, we can formulate the interaction between organism and environment in a much more comprehensive way. (Chapter 1 ("A Technology of Behavior"), p. 18). Primary-source match located in B. F. Skinner’s own book *Beyond Freedom and Dignity* (1971), in Chapter 1, “A Technology of Behavior.” Multiple independent secondary discussions attribute this exact sentence to p. 18, and the B. F. Skinner Foundation reproduces the passage with the same page reference. I could not reliably determine from available web-accessible scans whether an identical sentence appears in any earlier Skinner publication (pre-1971). So: the earliest *verified* primary source I can substantiate online is 1971, but I cannot claim with high confidence that it was the first time Skinner ever wrote/spoke it. Other candidates (1) CUET PG Masters of Education Book for 2026 Exam | 25 Samp... (Nodia, 2025) compilation95.0% ... B.F. Skinner ( D ) Wolfgang Kohler Ans : ( B ) E.L. Thorndike E.L. Thorndike is credited with the Stimulus ... be... |
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Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Skinner, B. F. (2026, February 7). Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/behavior-is-shaped-and-maintained-by-its-173422/
Chicago Style
Skinner, B. F. "Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences." FixQuotes. February 7, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/behavior-is-shaped-and-maintained-by-its-173422/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences." FixQuotes, 7 Feb. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/behavior-is-shaped-and-maintained-by-its-173422/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.





