"But constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it, and to carry his authority as far as it will go"
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Power, in Montesquieu's hands, isn’t a trophy that corrupts the unlucky winner; it’s a force with its own physics. The line is coldly empirical - "constant experience" is doing the heavy lifting - framing abuse not as a moral failure unique to villains, but as a predictable outcome when authority meets opportunity. He’s not asking you to trust his virtue theory. He’s asking you to look at the record and stop being surprised.
The phrasing "apt to abuse" matters: it’s probabilistic, almost clinical, which makes the claim harder to dismiss as cynicism. Then comes the darker insight: power doesn’t merely get misused; it expands. "Carry his authority as far as it will go" captures an institutional truth modern audiences recognize in everything from executive overreach to corporate monopolies to policing. The limit is rarely an internal conscience; it’s an external boundary.
Context sharpens the intent. Writing in an era of absolutist monarchy and aristocratic privilege, Montesquieu is building the argument that liberty can’t rely on the ruler’s character. It has to be engineered. This is less a complaint about bad kings than a blueprint for systems that assume ordinary people - even decent ones - will test the edges of their mandate. The subtext is a rebuke to political naïveté: if you design government around the hope that leaders will restrain themselves, you’ve already lost. The real sophistication is his refusal to demonize; he normalizes the impulse, then demands checks, balances, and counterweights sturdy enough to withstand it.
The phrasing "apt to abuse" matters: it’s probabilistic, almost clinical, which makes the claim harder to dismiss as cynicism. Then comes the darker insight: power doesn’t merely get misused; it expands. "Carry his authority as far as it will go" captures an institutional truth modern audiences recognize in everything from executive overreach to corporate monopolies to policing. The limit is rarely an internal conscience; it’s an external boundary.
Context sharpens the intent. Writing in an era of absolutist monarchy and aristocratic privilege, Montesquieu is building the argument that liberty can’t rely on the ruler’s character. It has to be engineered. This is less a complaint about bad kings than a blueprint for systems that assume ordinary people - even decent ones - will test the edges of their mandate. The subtext is a rebuke to political naïveté: if you design government around the hope that leaders will restrain themselves, you’ve already lost. The real sophistication is his refusal to demonize; he normalizes the impulse, then demands checks, balances, and counterweights sturdy enough to withstand it.
Quote Details
| Topic | Ethics & Morality |
|---|---|
| Source | The Spirit of the Laws (De l'esprit des lois), Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, 1748 — English translations include: "But constant experience shows us that every man invested with power..." |
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