"But what is liberty without wisdom, and without virtue? It is the greatest of all possible evils; for it is folly, vice, and madness, without tuition or restraint"
About this Quote
The subtext is a direct rebuke to revolutionary romanticism, especially the idea that removing restraints is itself emancipatory. Burke doesn’t fear liberty in the abstract; he fears what happens when a society celebrates freedom while dissolving the institutions and habits that teach people what to do with it. That’s why “tuition” matters: he frames politics as education, not merely liberation. A people needs formation - norms, civic discipline, inherited practices - or else freedom becomes permission slip culture, where impulse pretends to be principle.
Context sharpens the edge. Burke was writing in the shadow of the French Revolution, watching a language of rights and liberty coexist with escalating violence and ideological certainty. The line’s rhetorical power lies in its cadence of escalation (“folly, vice, and madness”) and its final, chilling clause: “without tuition or restraint.” He’s warning that when freedom becomes absolute, it doesn’t stay neutral; it recruits the worst parts of human nature and calls it progress.
Quote Details
| Topic | Freedom |
|---|---|
| Source | Verified source: Reflections on the Revolution in France (Edmund Burke, 1790)
Evidence: But what is liberty without wisdom and without virtue? It is the greatest of all possible evils; for it is folly, vice, and madness, without tuition or restraint. (null). This line appears in Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (first published in November 1790 by J. Dodsley, London). In the Project Gutenberg transcription (from the 1887 John C. Nimmo collected Works, vol. 3), the quote occurs in the Reflections section at lines 2757–2758, immediately following the sentence about the “all-atoning name” of Liberty. Gutenberg does not preserve original 1790 first-edition pagination, so a specific page number for the first edition is not provided here; to get a first-edition page you would need to consult a scanned copy of the 1790 Dodsley first edition and locate the passage. Other candidates (1) Political Thinkers (John B. Morrall, 2004) compilation98.4% ... But what is liberty without wisdom , and without virtue ? It is the greatest of all possible evils ; for it is fo... |
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Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Burke, Edmund. (2026, February 28). But what is liberty without wisdom, and without virtue? It is the greatest of all possible evils; for it is folly, vice, and madness, without tuition or restraint. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/but-what-is-liberty-without-wisdom-and-without-16849/
Chicago Style
Burke, Edmund. "But what is liberty without wisdom, and without virtue? It is the greatest of all possible evils; for it is folly, vice, and madness, without tuition or restraint." FixQuotes. February 28, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/but-what-is-liberty-without-wisdom-and-without-16849/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"But what is liberty without wisdom, and without virtue? It is the greatest of all possible evils; for it is folly, vice, and madness, without tuition or restraint." FixQuotes, 28 Feb. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/but-what-is-liberty-without-wisdom-and-without-16849/. Accessed 9 Mar. 2026.









