"Despair is typical of those who do not understand the causes of evil, see no way out, and are incapable of struggle. The modern industrial proletariat does not belong to the category of such classes"
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Lenin turns “despair” into an accusation, not a feeling. It’s a word you might use for grief; he uses it for political incompetence. By defining despair as the mark of people who can’t diagnose “the causes of evil,” can’t imagine an exit, and can’t fight, he folds psychology into ideology: if you’re hopeless, it’s because you’re ignorant, passive, or both. That framing matters because it makes emotional life legible only through revolutionary capacity. Despair stops being an honest response to hardship and becomes evidence of false consciousness.
The second sentence is the punchline and the organizing command. The “modern industrial proletariat” is elevated as the class that, by definition, understands causality (Marxist analysis), can see a pathway (revolution), and can struggle (organization, discipline). It’s a compliment that doubles as a leash: workers are told what they are supposed to feel and how they are supposed to act. If they don’t live up to the description, the blame shifts from the system or the party’s strategy to the workers’ supposed failure to become what history requires.
Context is doing heavy lifting. Lenin is writing and speaking in an era of mass factory labor, state repression, and collapsing empires, when socialist movements had to compete with fatalism, religion, liberal gradualism, and simple exhaustion. His rhetoric is meant to inoculate against political demoralization by recoding it as a class betrayal. The subtext is clear: optimism isn’t naïveté; it’s a duty. The revolution can’t afford melancholia.
The second sentence is the punchline and the organizing command. The “modern industrial proletariat” is elevated as the class that, by definition, understands causality (Marxist analysis), can see a pathway (revolution), and can struggle (organization, discipline). It’s a compliment that doubles as a leash: workers are told what they are supposed to feel and how they are supposed to act. If they don’t live up to the description, the blame shifts from the system or the party’s strategy to the workers’ supposed failure to become what history requires.
Context is doing heavy lifting. Lenin is writing and speaking in an era of mass factory labor, state repression, and collapsing empires, when socialist movements had to compete with fatalism, religion, liberal gradualism, and simple exhaustion. His rhetoric is meant to inoculate against political demoralization by recoding it as a class betrayal. The subtext is clear: optimism isn’t naïveté; it’s a duty. The revolution can’t afford melancholia.
Quote Details
| Topic | Resilience |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
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