"Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd"
About this Quote
The subtext is deeply political. In Voltaire's France, "certainty" wasn’t merely a private posture; it was an institutional demand, enforced by church dogma and state power. Certainty justified censorship, persecution, and the kind of moral bookkeeping that makes cruelty feel righteous. By calling certainty absurd, he’s not pleading for paralysis or endless relativism. He’s mocking the arrogance that turns partial knowledge into absolute authority.
There’s also a stylistic sleight of hand: he pairs a modest, human admission with a ruthless intellectual standard. Doubt is framed as a condition - temporary, lived, fallible. Certainty becomes an attitude - theatrical, inflated, suspiciously eager to close the case. Voltaire’s Enlightenment project wasn’t to replace faith with smugness; it was to make inquiry socially respectable. The line dares you to choose the discomfort of thinking over the comfort of being unquestionable.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Verified source: Correspondance: Lettre 8098 (À Frédéric-Guillaume) (Voltaire, 1770)
Evidence:
Le doute n’est pas un état bien agréable, mais l’assurance est un état ridicule. (Lettre 8098 (dated 28 novembre 1770)). This line is the primary-source French wording in Voltaire’s correspondence, in a letter from Ferney dated 28 November 1770 to Frédéric-Guillaume (Frederick William), Prince of Prussia. The widely circulated English version “Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd” is a loose/modern rendering; a closer sense is “certainty/assurance is a ridiculous state.” The Wikisource page also indicates the text corresponds to the Garnier edition of Voltaire’s complete works (1882), tome 47, pp. 265–266, but the underlying authorship is Voltaire’s 1770 letter. |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Voltaire. (2026, February 9). Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-not-a-pleasant-condition-but-certainty-10623/
Chicago Style
Voltaire. "Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd." FixQuotes. February 9, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-not-a-pleasant-condition-but-certainty-10623/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd." FixQuotes, 9 Feb. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-not-a-pleasant-condition-but-certainty-10623/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2026.











