"Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions"
About this Quote
The subtext is pure Szasz: skepticism toward psychiatry’s authority to label beliefs as illness. Writing in an era when psychiatric categories were expanding and involuntary treatment carried real coercive power, he’s warning that “convictions” can be pathologized, and that psychiatry can become an institution that polices deviance under the banner of care. His phrasing is intentionally barbed. “Solutions” is doing double duty: it’s the psychotic’s internal sense of clarity, but also society’s appetite for simple answers to complex social problems. Diagnosis, in this reading, can offer the same comfort as delusion: a neat story that relieves uncertainty.
It works rhetorically because it indicts certainty without romanticizing suffering. Doubt is painful; that’s the point. Szasz is asking whether we’d rather endure the discomfort of not knowing, or buy the counterfeit relief of absolute explanations, clinical or otherwise.
Quote Details
| Topic | Mental Health |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Szasz, Thomas. (2026, January 15). Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-to-certainty-as-neurosis-is-to-psychosis-117367/
Chicago Style
Szasz, Thomas. "Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions." FixQuotes. January 15, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-to-certainty-as-neurosis-is-to-psychosis-117367/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions." FixQuotes, 15 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-to-certainty-as-neurosis-is-to-psychosis-117367/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2026.














