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Daily Inspiration Quote by Thomas Szasz

"Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions"

About this Quote

Szasz turns a clinical distinction into a moral and political provocation: doubt is not a weakness but a sign of contact with reality, while certainty can be a symptom of losing it. The line lands because it flips the usual hierarchy. In everyday speech, “neurotic” is the fussy overthinker and “psychotic” is the broken mind; Szasz reframes that contrast as epistemology. The neurotic suffers precisely because the world is ambiguous. The psychotic, by contrast, gets the seductive benefit of a closed system: certainty that explains everything, demands little self-scrutiny, and cannot be negotiated with.

The subtext is pure Szasz: skepticism toward psychiatry’s authority to label beliefs as illness. Writing in an era when psychiatric categories were expanding and involuntary treatment carried real coercive power, he’s warning that “convictions” can be pathologized, and that psychiatry can become an institution that polices deviance under the banner of care. His phrasing is intentionally barbed. “Solutions” is doing double duty: it’s the psychotic’s internal sense of clarity, but also society’s appetite for simple answers to complex social problems. Diagnosis, in this reading, can offer the same comfort as delusion: a neat story that relieves uncertainty.

It works rhetorically because it indicts certainty without romanticizing suffering. Doubt is painful; that’s the point. Szasz is asking whether we’d rather endure the discomfort of not knowing, or buy the counterfeit relief of absolute explanations, clinical or otherwise.

Quote Details

TopicMental Health
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Citation Formats

APA Style (7th ed.)
Szasz, Thomas. (2026, January 15). Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-to-certainty-as-neurosis-is-to-psychosis-117367/

Chicago Style
Szasz, Thomas. "Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions." FixQuotes. January 15, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-to-certainty-as-neurosis-is-to-psychosis-117367/.

MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Doubt is to certainty as neurosis is to psychosis. The neurotic is in doubt and has fears about persons and things; the psychotic has convictions and makes claims about them. In short, the neurotic has problems, the psychotic has solutions." FixQuotes, 15 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/doubt-is-to-certainty-as-neurosis-is-to-psychosis-117367/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2026.

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Doubt vs Certainty: Szasz on Neurosis and Psychosis
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About the Author

Thomas Szasz

Thomas Szasz (April 15, 1920 - September 8, 2012) was a Psychologist from USA.

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