"Every normal person, in fact, is only normal on the average. His ego approximates to that of the psychotic in some part or other and to a greater or lesser extent"
About this Quote
The intent is both clinical and cultural. Clinically, Freud is reframing mental illness away from a clean binary toward a spectrum: the ego is not a fortress but a negotiation between drives, defenses, and reality-testing. The subtext is more destabilizing: if the “psychotic” is an extreme version of what everyone contains, then the boundary we use to exile “madness” is partly defensive theater. We make the other monstrous to keep our own strange corners unexamined.
Context matters: Freud wrote at a moment when modern life was being reinterpreted through unconscious motives, trauma, and repression, and when psychiatry often treated “normal” as a baseline of health and virtue. Freud’s move is to make normality feel contingent and slightly suspect, a matter of averaging out contradictions rather than transcending them. It’s also a subtle critique of bourgeois self-certainty: the ego “approximates” the psychotic not because society is collapsing, but because the mind is inherently patched together. The shock isn’t that some people break; it’s that nobody is as intact as they’d like to believe.
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Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Freud, Sigmund. (2026, January 18). Every normal person, in fact, is only normal on the average. His ego approximates to that of the psychotic in some part or other and to a greater or lesser extent. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/every-normal-person-in-fact-is-only-normal-on-the-22508/
Chicago Style
Freud, Sigmund. "Every normal person, in fact, is only normal on the average. His ego approximates to that of the psychotic in some part or other and to a greater or lesser extent." FixQuotes. January 18, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/every-normal-person-in-fact-is-only-normal-on-the-22508/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Every normal person, in fact, is only normal on the average. His ego approximates to that of the psychotic in some part or other and to a greater or lesser extent." FixQuotes, 18 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/every-normal-person-in-fact-is-only-normal-on-the-22508/. Accessed 4 Feb. 2026.








