"Experience seems to most of us to lead to conclusions, but empiricism has sworn never to draw them"
About this Quote
Santayana skewers a modern superstition: the belief that piling up facts automatically produces wisdom. The line turns on a deliberately chilly contrast between what "most of us" expect from living and what empiricism, as a doctrine, promises to do. Experience, in ordinary life, is narrative. It urges closure. We survive something, then file it away as a lesson, a rule, a warning. Santayana hears in that impulse both a human need and an intellectual shortcut.
Empiricism, by contrast, is made to sound like a zealot with vows. "Has sworn never to draw them" frames the school not as humble but as performatively abstinent, as if refusing conclusions were a moral achievement rather than a methodological caution. The wit is that empiricism was supposed to rescue philosophy from airy metaphysics, yet Santayana suggests it can become its own kind of dogma: a creed of endless observation that fears the moment when observations harden into claims about meaning, value, or cause.
The subtext is a critique of the late-19th/early-20th-century faith in scientific method as a total worldview. Santayana isn’t arguing against evidence; he’s warning that evidence without interpretation is just a museum of impressions. A culture can get addicted to "data" as a way to avoid responsibility for judgment. His sentence needles that evasiveness: if you never conclude, you never risk being wrong, never commit to action, never admit what you really believe.
It works because it exposes a psychological alibi hiding inside an epistemology. The jab lands on philosophers and on everyone who uses "just being empirical" to dodge the harder work of deciding what a life, or a society, should mean.
Empiricism, by contrast, is made to sound like a zealot with vows. "Has sworn never to draw them" frames the school not as humble but as performatively abstinent, as if refusing conclusions were a moral achievement rather than a methodological caution. The wit is that empiricism was supposed to rescue philosophy from airy metaphysics, yet Santayana suggests it can become its own kind of dogma: a creed of endless observation that fears the moment when observations harden into claims about meaning, value, or cause.
The subtext is a critique of the late-19th/early-20th-century faith in scientific method as a total worldview. Santayana isn’t arguing against evidence; he’s warning that evidence without interpretation is just a museum of impressions. A culture can get addicted to "data" as a way to avoid responsibility for judgment. His sentence needles that evasiveness: if you never conclude, you never risk being wrong, never commit to action, never admit what you really believe.
It works because it exposes a psychological alibi hiding inside an epistemology. The jab lands on philosophers and on everyone who uses "just being empirical" to dodge the harder work of deciding what a life, or a society, should mean.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
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