"First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do"
About this Quote
The subtext is accountability. If you say you want to be courageous, you don’t get to negotiate with discomfort when it arrives. If you want to be temperate, you can’t treat temptation as an exception that proves your uniqueness. The second clause - “then do what you have to do” - is where the romance dies and the philosophy begins. It assumes the world will resist you and that the work will be repetitive, unglamorous, and often invisible. Stoicism is often misread as emotional repression; this is closer to ethical consistency under pressure.
Context matters: Epictetus was born enslaved and later taught in Rome and Nicopolis, shaping a philosophy built for people with limited control over their circumstances. The sentence is a quiet rebuke to the powerless person’s most seductive escape hatch: waiting for conditions to improve before committing to a life. He offers a harsher freedom: you may not control events, but you can stop outsourcing your character to them.
Quote Details
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Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Epictetus. (2026, January 17). First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/first-say-to-yourself-what-you-would-be-and-then-27182/
Chicago Style
Epictetus. "First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do." FixQuotes. January 17, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/first-say-to-yourself-what-you-would-be-and-then-27182/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do." FixQuotes, 17 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/first-say-to-yourself-what-you-would-be-and-then-27182/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2026.















