"For at least another hundred years we must pretend to ourselves and to every one that fair is foul and foul is fair; for foul is useful and fair is not. Avarice and usury and precaution must be our gods for a little longer still"
About this Quote
The intent is double-edged. On one level, it’s a brutal utilitarian argument: accumulation, interest, and “precaution” (the anxious hoarding of security) are historically useful because they mobilize investment and growth. On another, it’s an accusation aimed at polite society, which likes to enjoy the fruits of expansion while maintaining the fiction that it arrived through virtue. Keynes refuses that comfort. If we are going to worship avarice, he implies, at least admit it’s worship.
Context matters: Keynes wrote in the shadow of world war and economic upheaval, when the promise of material abundance felt both urgent and fragile. His “another hundred years” isn’t a timeline so much as a warning about moral drift: if you treat selfishness as a necessary engine long enough, it stops being a means and becomes the culture. The subtext is anxious hope - that prosperity could eventually buy us out of this ethical compromise - paired with fear that the compromise will buy us instead.
Quote Details
| Topic | Money |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Keynes, John Maynard. (2026, January 15). For at least another hundred years we must pretend to ourselves and to every one that fair is foul and foul is fair; for foul is useful and fair is not. Avarice and usury and precaution must be our gods for a little longer still. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/for-at-least-another-hundred-years-we-must-14703/
Chicago Style
Keynes, John Maynard. "For at least another hundred years we must pretend to ourselves and to every one that fair is foul and foul is fair; for foul is useful and fair is not. Avarice and usury and precaution must be our gods for a little longer still." FixQuotes. January 15, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/for-at-least-another-hundred-years-we-must-14703/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"For at least another hundred years we must pretend to ourselves and to every one that fair is foul and foul is fair; for foul is useful and fair is not. Avarice and usury and precaution must be our gods for a little longer still." FixQuotes, 15 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/for-at-least-another-hundred-years-we-must-14703/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.








