"Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues"
About this Quote
The subtext lands harder in the word “virtues.” Hobbes is baiting moral language into admitting its dependence on power. In civil life, “virtue” implies restraint, truthfulness, maybe even mercy. In war, those ideals become liabilities. Hobbes is insisting that ethics are not free-floating principles; they are conditions made possible by security. When the threat level spikes, the moral vocabulary doesn’t disappear - it gets repurposed to justify effectiveness. War sanctifies what peacetime condemns.
Context matters: Hobbes writes in the shadow of the English Civil War, watching institutions fracture and neighbors become enemies. Leviathan is his argument that without a strong sovereign, society slides toward a state of nature where fear governs and preemptive aggression becomes rational. This quote is the bitter kernel of that worldview. If war is the baseline, then deception isn’t an aberration; it’s strategy. Force isn’t cruelty; it’s the only stable currency.
The line also reads like a warning to the politically naive. Expecting wars to be fought cleanly isn’t idealism; it’s self-endangerment. Hobbes isn’t praising brutality so much as daring you to build a peace sturdy enough that you don’t have to call brutality a virtue.
Quote Details
| Topic | War |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Hobbes, Thomas. (2026, January 15). Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/force-and-fraud-are-in-war-the-two-cardinal-2059/
Chicago Style
Hobbes, Thomas. "Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues." FixQuotes. January 15, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/force-and-fraud-are-in-war-the-two-cardinal-2059/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues." FixQuotes, 15 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/force-and-fraud-are-in-war-the-two-cardinal-2059/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.








