"He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god"
About this Quote
The subtext is an argument for the polis as a moral technology. For Aristotle, society isn’t merely where humans happen to live; it’s where reason, character, and accountability get exercised into existence. Outside the web of laws, customs, and mutual recognition, you don’t become freer - you become less formed. That’s why he pairs “unable” with “no need”: whether you’re excluded by incapacity or repelled by pride, the outcome is the same removal from the arena where virtue can be practiced.
Context matters. Aristotle is writing in a world of city-states where citizenship isn’t a vibe but a role with duties, privileges, and public scrutiny. The quote quietly polices that boundary: it elevates civic participation as the default and casts the antisocial as suspect. It also anticipates a modern tension. Today’s cult of autonomy sells self-sufficiency as enlightenment; Aristotle calls it either predation or fantasy, and insists that the human animal is made human only among others.
Quote Details
| Topic | Wisdom |
|---|---|
| Source | Aristotle, Politics, Book I (Bekker 1253a) , contains the line commonly translated as "He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god." |
| Cite | Cite this Quote |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Aristotle. (n.d.). He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/he-who-is-unable-to-live-in-society-or-who-has-no-29219/
Chicago Style
Aristotle. "He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god." FixQuotes. Accessed February 1, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/he-who-is-unable-to-live-in-society-or-who-has-no-29219/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god." FixQuotes, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/he-who-is-unable-to-live-in-society-or-who-has-no-29219/. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.












