"History should be written as philosophy"

Voltaire’s assertion that history should be written as philosophy calls for an approach to the past that transcends the mere recording of events. Rather than treating history as a simple chronicle of dates, names, and outcomes, Voltaire advocates for an interpretive, analytical lens, one that seeks to uncover patterns, causes, and deeper meaning. He envisions history as an active process of understanding the motivations behind actions, the evolution of ideas, and the moral consequences of collective choices.

Philosophy, with its commitment to critical thinking and its relentless questioning of assumptions, serves as a crucial tool in evaluating the significance of historical events. Historians guided by philosophical principles are encouraged to probe for underlying dynamics, such as social inequalities, ideological tensions, or ethical dilemmas, that shape the course of civilizations. In this respect, historical writing assumes an evaluative character, searching for wisdom and lessons, not just relaying facts.

By intertwining history with a philosophical spirit, Voltaire implies that the ultimate value of studying the past lies in its guidance for the present and future. Philosophical history examines not just what happened, but why it happened, what could have been different, and what insights can be extracted for human progress. Events become more than isolated occurrences; they participate in a continuous dialogue about human nature, values, and the possibilities of improvement.

Rejecting historical fatalism or blind reverence for tradition, this approach insists that history is not a static collection of stories but an active investigation into the principles that guide societies. It highlights the importance of rational inquiry and skepticism, hallmarks of the Enlightenment ethos to which Voltaire belonged. Ultimately, writing history as philosophy transforms it into a source of enlightenment, fostering critical reflection, ethical awareness, and hope for a more informed humanity.