"I am an Epicurean. I consider the genuine (not the imputed) doctrines of Epicurus as containing everything rational in moral philosophy which Greek and Roman leave to us"
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Jefferson’s self-labeling as an Epicurean is less a dinner-party confession than a political maneuver: a founding president borrowing an ancient philosophy to sanctify reason, pleasure, and skepticism as respectable American virtues. In an era when “Epicurean” was commonly misread as code for indulgence, he draws a bright line between “genuine (not the imputed)” Epicurus and the caricature peddled by moralists. That parenthetical is doing heavy work. Jefferson isn’t just clarifying; he’s preemptively disarming the charge that a republic built by deists and freethinkers is secretly built by libertines.
The context matters. Jefferson spent his life fighting the entanglement of church authority with civic life, and Epicurus offered an attractive moral architecture without revelation: ethics grounded in human flourishing, friendship, restraint, and the management of fear (especially fear of divine punishment). Calling Epicurus “everything rational in moral philosophy” is a provocation aimed at inherited prestige. He positions classical wisdom as a toolkit, not a temple: Greeks and Romans “leave” us fragments, and Epicurus is the piece Jefferson thinks can be rebuilt into a modern moral program.
The subtext is a founder staking a claim for enlightenment ethics inside a culture that still wanted public virtue to sound Christian. Jefferson’s Epicureanism is his way of saying: you can have morality without clergy, pleasure without decadence, and a stable republic without metaphysical policing.
The context matters. Jefferson spent his life fighting the entanglement of church authority with civic life, and Epicurus offered an attractive moral architecture without revelation: ethics grounded in human flourishing, friendship, restraint, and the management of fear (especially fear of divine punishment). Calling Epicurus “everything rational in moral philosophy” is a provocation aimed at inherited prestige. He positions classical wisdom as a toolkit, not a temple: Greeks and Romans “leave” us fragments, and Epicurus is the piece Jefferson thinks can be rebuilt into a modern moral program.
The subtext is a founder staking a claim for enlightenment ethics inside a culture that still wanted public virtue to sound Christian. Jefferson’s Epicureanism is his way of saying: you can have morality without clergy, pleasure without decadence, and a stable republic without metaphysical policing.
Quote Details
| Topic | Ethics & Morality |
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