"I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man"
About this Quote
This lands in the Warring States context, where competing schools were busy offering systems: moral hierarchies, political techniques, metaphysical scaffolding. Zhuangzi's move is to undercut the very impulse to build a final framework. His Daoism isn't an argument for relativism so much as a critique of rigid distinctions. Identity, here, is not an inner essence but a temporary arrangement of perspective. The "I" in the sentence is already unstable; it slides between forms the way a dream slides between scenes, and the reader is forced to notice how much of personhood is narrative continuity rather than bedrock fact.
The rhetorical genius is its gentleness: no lecture, no threat, just a clean, unsettling ambiguity. It invites a different kind of wisdom - not mastery through categorization, but a loosened grip, an openness to transformation, and a suspicion toward any worldview that insists it is fully awake.
Quote Details
| Topic | Wisdom |
|---|---|
| Source | Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou), "Butterfly Dream" passage in the Zhuangzi, Inner Chapter Qiwu Lun (On the Equality of Things). Found in standard translations (e.g., Burton Watson, Chuang Tzu: Basic Writings). |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Zhuangzi. (2026, January 18). I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/i-do-not-know-whether-i-was-then-a-man-dreaming-i-173/
Chicago Style
Zhuangzi. "I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man." FixQuotes. January 18, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/i-do-not-know-whether-i-was-then-a-man-dreaming-i-173/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man." FixQuotes, 18 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/i-do-not-know-whether-i-was-then-a-man-dreaming-i-173/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2026.




