"I wouldn't have thought that a wrong theory should lead us to understand better the ordinary quantum field theories or to have new insights about the quantum states of black holes"
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The line lands like a quiet dagger aimed at the mythology of scientific progress. Witten, who more than anyone helped make string theory intellectually unavoidable, is admitting something almost scandalous in a field that sells itself on inevitability: a theory can be wrong and still be an engine of understanding. The surprise isn’t that “wrong” ideas sometimes help; it’s that a wrong theory could illuminate two of the most hard-nosed arenas in modern physics: ordinary quantum field theory and the quantum microstructure of black holes.
The subtext is a recalibration of what counts as success. In high-energy theory, where experiments are scarce and the math can outrun measurement, “truth” can’t be the only metric. Witten is implicitly defending a broader epistemology: judge a framework by the tools it invents, the connections it forges, the problems it makes tractable. String theory’s most durable achievements have often been of that kind: dualities that translate intractable questions into solvable ones; holography, which reframes gravity in terms of a non-gravitational quantum theory; black hole entropy counts that turn a metaphysical abyss into a bookkeeping problem.
Context matters: this is a veteran speaking after decades of hype cycles, criticism, and genuine breakthroughs. The phrasing (“I wouldn’t have thought...”) is modest on the surface, but it signals a deeper point about intellectual ecosystems. Even a failed grand unification project can function as an R&D lab for physics itself, generating a new language that retroactively clarifies what we thought we already understood.
The subtext is a recalibration of what counts as success. In high-energy theory, where experiments are scarce and the math can outrun measurement, “truth” can’t be the only metric. Witten is implicitly defending a broader epistemology: judge a framework by the tools it invents, the connections it forges, the problems it makes tractable. String theory’s most durable achievements have often been of that kind: dualities that translate intractable questions into solvable ones; holography, which reframes gravity in terms of a non-gravitational quantum theory; black hole entropy counts that turn a metaphysical abyss into a bookkeeping problem.
Context matters: this is a veteran speaking after decades of hype cycles, criticism, and genuine breakthroughs. The phrasing (“I wouldn’t have thought...”) is modest on the surface, but it signals a deeper point about intellectual ecosystems. Even a failed grand unification project can function as an R&D lab for physics itself, generating a new language that retroactively clarifies what we thought we already understood.
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| Topic | Science |
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