"In marked contrast to the University of Wisconsin, biochemistry was hardly visible at Stanford in 1945, consisting of only two professors in the chemistry department"
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The opening clause, "In marked contrast to the University of Wisconsin", quietly names a rival model. Wisconsin stands in as the Midwestern land-grant machine that took biochemistry seriously early, building capacity when the field was still fighting for legitimacy. Boyer isn't just counting faculty; he's measuring a culture that either recognizes an emerging discipline or treats it as a niche interest. The detail "in the chemistry department" signals biochemistry's liminal status at the time: not yet its own kingdom, still borrowing institutional oxygen from older, more established sciences.
Context matters. 1945 is the hinge point: wartime research has just demonstrated what organized science can do, and the postwar funding architecture is about to explode. Boyer's retrospective tone reads like a scientist's version of a before-and-after photo, reminding us that universities become "powerhouses" through choices that seem small in the moment. The line carries a subtle warning for the present, too: today's obvious growth areas only look inevitable after the hiring committees have already taken the risk.
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APA Style (7th ed.)
Boyer, Paul D. (2026, February 16). In marked contrast to the University of Wisconsin, biochemistry was hardly visible at Stanford in 1945, consisting of only two professors in the chemistry department. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/in-marked-contrast-to-the-university-of-wisconsin-121043/
Chicago Style
Boyer, Paul D. "In marked contrast to the University of Wisconsin, biochemistry was hardly visible at Stanford in 1945, consisting of only two professors in the chemistry department." FixQuotes. February 16, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/in-marked-contrast-to-the-university-of-wisconsin-121043/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"In marked contrast to the University of Wisconsin, biochemistry was hardly visible at Stanford in 1945, consisting of only two professors in the chemistry department." FixQuotes, 16 Feb. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/in-marked-contrast-to-the-university-of-wisconsin-121043/. Accessed 25 Feb. 2026.

