"In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap"
About this Quote
The line also rewires the timeline. In popular memory, the big intelligence failure is 2003 and Iraq’s nonexistent WMDs. Zakaria drags the reader back to the 1990s, when Saddam’s capabilities were already being misread, and suggests the mistake wasn’t a one-off blunder but a recurring genre: authoritarian villain + opaque state = worst-case fantasies treated as facts. The “fact” in his second sentence is deliberately blunt, a rhetorical hard stop that mocks the confidence of the first.
Subtext: America doesn’t merely miscalculate; it overestimates because overestimation has fewer short-term penalties than underestimation. If you shout “nukes” and you’re wrong, you can still claim vigilance. If you downplay a threat and you’re wrong, you’re ruined. Soap becomes a symbol for the banality reality keeps insisting on, while policy keeps preferring apocalypse.
Quote Details
| Topic | War |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Zakaria, Fareed. (2026, January 17). In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam-hussein-53053/
Chicago Style
Zakaria, Fareed. "In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap." FixQuotes. January 17, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam-hussein-53053/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap." FixQuotes, 17 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam-hussein-53053/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.




