"It is a mistake to suppose that men succeed through success; they much oftener succeed through failures. Precept, study, advice, and example could never have taught them so well as failure has done"
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Smiles is selling failure as a kind of rough, unsentimental tutor: the lesson you remember because it cost you. The line has the clipped moral confidence of Victorian self-help, but it’s more strategic than cozy. By calling it a “mistake” to think men “succeed through success,” he attacks the popular myth of effortless ascent and replaces it with a harsher, more plausible engine: friction. Success, in his framing, can be complacent, even anesthetic; it confirms your habits. Failure is diagnostic. It forces revision.
The craftsmanship is in the hierarchy he builds and then dismisses. “Precept, study, advice, and example” are the respectable instruments of improvement: what parents, schools, and manuals offer. Smiles doesn’t deny their value; he demotes them. They are secondhand knowledge, abstracted from consequences. Failure, by contrast, is embodied knowledge. It turns an idea into a scar, and scars are hard to argue with. That’s why the sentence lands: it treats pain as information, not tragedy.
Context matters. Smiles wrote in an era obsessed with self-making amid industrial upheaval, when “character” was a social technology and discipline a moral currency. The gendered “men” isn’t incidental: he’s defining respectable masculinity as endurance under correction. There’s a quiet politics here too. By elevating personal grit over instruction or environment, Smiles flatters agency and downplays structural luck. Failure becomes both a democratic promise (anyone can learn) and a moral sorting mechanism (those who don’t rise didn’t learn enough).
The craftsmanship is in the hierarchy he builds and then dismisses. “Precept, study, advice, and example” are the respectable instruments of improvement: what parents, schools, and manuals offer. Smiles doesn’t deny their value; he demotes them. They are secondhand knowledge, abstracted from consequences. Failure, by contrast, is embodied knowledge. It turns an idea into a scar, and scars are hard to argue with. That’s why the sentence lands: it treats pain as information, not tragedy.
Context matters. Smiles wrote in an era obsessed with self-making amid industrial upheaval, when “character” was a social technology and discipline a moral currency. The gendered “men” isn’t incidental: he’s defining respectable masculinity as endurance under correction. There’s a quiet politics here too. By elevating personal grit over instruction or environment, Smiles flatters agency and downplays structural luck. Failure becomes both a democratic promise (anyone can learn) and a moral sorting mechanism (those who don’t rise didn’t learn enough).
Quote Details
| Topic | Learning from Mistakes |
|---|---|
| Source | Samuel Smiles, Self-Help; with Illustrations of Character and Conduct (1859). Passage commonly attributed to this work. |
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