"It is error only, and not truth, that shrinks from inquiry"
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Paine turns skepticism into a moral litmus test: if an idea can survive questions, it deserves to live; if it panics under scrutiny, it was never sturdy to begin with. The line is engineered as an inversion. People often treat inquiry as corrosive, something that threatens social order or personal faith. Paine flips that anxiety back on its owner. The fear isn’t proof that questioning is dangerous; it’s evidence that what’s being protected is fragile.
The intent is political as much as philosophical. Writing in the heat of revolutionary argument, Paine is arming ordinary readers against deference: to monarchs, to priests, to inherited “common sense.” Inquiry becomes a democratic weapon. You don’t need pedigree to ask a good question, and once questions are legitimized, authority loses its monopoly on meaning.
The subtext is a challenge to every institution that demands belief without examination. “Shrinks” is doing quiet work here: it implies cowardice, not just uncertainty. Error isn’t merely incorrect; it’s evasive, self-protective, invested in staying untested. Truth, by contrast, is cast as physically robust, almost athletic, inviting pressure the way strong material invites stress tests. That makes skepticism feel less like cynicism and more like basic maintenance.
Context matters: Paine is writing in an era when “inquiry” could cost you reputation, livelihood, sometimes freedom. So the sentence also offers courage. It reframes dissent as intellectual hygiene. If the powerful insist questions are impolite, Paine’s comeback is clean and brutal: politeness is just error asking for a curtain.
The intent is political as much as philosophical. Writing in the heat of revolutionary argument, Paine is arming ordinary readers against deference: to monarchs, to priests, to inherited “common sense.” Inquiry becomes a democratic weapon. You don’t need pedigree to ask a good question, and once questions are legitimized, authority loses its monopoly on meaning.
The subtext is a challenge to every institution that demands belief without examination. “Shrinks” is doing quiet work here: it implies cowardice, not just uncertainty. Error isn’t merely incorrect; it’s evasive, self-protective, invested in staying untested. Truth, by contrast, is cast as physically robust, almost athletic, inviting pressure the way strong material invites stress tests. That makes skepticism feel less like cynicism and more like basic maintenance.
Context matters: Paine is writing in an era when “inquiry” could cost you reputation, livelihood, sometimes freedom. So the sentence also offers courage. It reframes dissent as intellectual hygiene. If the powerful insist questions are impolite, Paine’s comeback is clean and brutal: politeness is just error asking for a curtain.
Quote Details
| Topic | Truth |
|---|---|
| Source | Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason (1794). The line "It is error only, and not truth, that shrinks from inquiry" appears in Paine's work. |
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