"It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply"
About this Quote
The first clause flatters the modern fantasy of objectivity. “Determine all questions… according to these laws” frames judgment as mechanical, almost clerical. But Staunton immediately breaks that spell with the pivot that matters: “and according to his best judgment when they do not apply.” That’s the real admission. Any system that pretends to be complete is lying, and any official who pretends to be a mere conduit for rules is dodging responsibility.
The subtext is a warning to everyone involved: players will inevitably argue not just about calls, but about legitimacy. Staunton preemptively justifies discretion as part of the role, not a failure of it. “Duty” is doing heavy lifting here; it recasts subjectivity as obligation. If the law is silent, the umpire isn’t allowed to shrug. He must decide, and he must own it.
Context matters: Staunton, a celebrity chess authority and rule-maker in a century obsessed with codifying conduct, understood that formalization creates new kinds of conflict. The quote defends the necessary tyranny of interpretation: a game (or society) can’t function without someone empowered to say, in real time, what fairness looks like when the handbook ends.
Quote Details
| Topic | Decision-Making |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Staunton, Howard. (2026, January 18). It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-the-duty-of-the-umpire-to-determine-all-12010/
Chicago Style
Staunton, Howard. "It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply." FixQuotes. January 18, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-the-duty-of-the-umpire-to-determine-all-12010/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply." FixQuotes, 18 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-the-duty-of-the-umpire-to-determine-all-12010/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2026.


