"It is widely assumed, contrary to fact, that theism necessarily involves the two assumptions which cannot be squared with the existence of so much suffering, and that therefore, per impossibile, they simply have to be squared with the existence of all this suffering, somehow"
About this Quote
The phrase “per impossibile” is doing quiet work. It’s not devotional Latin, it’s a philosophical alarm bell: if you insist those assumptions are mandatory, you’ve already set the problem up so the theist must perform a rhetorical magic trick - “they simply have to be squared… somehow.” That “somehow” drips with skepticism toward apologetics that feel like patch jobs, not explanations. Kaufmann’s subtext is methodological: before you demand a solution to the problem of evil, specify what kind of God-concept you’re talking about and why it’s the one that allegedly “follows” from theism.
Context matters. Kaufmann, a mid-century interpreter of Nietzsche and critic of dogmatic religion, wasn’t trying to rescue orthodox faith so much as rescue argument from straw men. He’s challenging both sides: atheists who treat “theism” as a single doctrine with standard axioms, and theists who accept that framing and then contort themselves to reconcile it with “so much suffering.” The sting is that a debate can look decisive while being logically misfiled.
Quote Details
| Topic | God |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Kaufmann, Walter. (2026, January 16). It is widely assumed, contrary to fact, that theism necessarily involves the two assumptions which cannot be squared with the existence of so much suffering, and that therefore, per impossibile, they simply have to be squared with the existence of all this suffering, somehow. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-widely-assumed-contrary-to-fact-that-theism-96469/
Chicago Style
Kaufmann, Walter. "It is widely assumed, contrary to fact, that theism necessarily involves the two assumptions which cannot be squared with the existence of so much suffering, and that therefore, per impossibile, they simply have to be squared with the existence of all this suffering, somehow." FixQuotes. January 16, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-widely-assumed-contrary-to-fact-that-theism-96469/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"It is widely assumed, contrary to fact, that theism necessarily involves the two assumptions which cannot be squared with the existence of so much suffering, and that therefore, per impossibile, they simply have to be squared with the existence of all this suffering, somehow." FixQuotes, 16 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-widely-assumed-contrary-to-fact-that-theism-96469/. Accessed 16 Feb. 2026.








