"It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence"
About this Quote
The subtext is surprisingly political. Clifford’s famous example (a shipowner who convinces himself an unseaworthy vessel is fine and it sinks) frames belief as a rehearsal for action. Even if nothing bad happens, the shipowner is still guilty because he trained himself to accept comforting stories. Clifford treats that mental habit as social pollution: credulous people create a marketplace for fraud, demagoguery, and superstition. Belief, in his view, is part of the commons.
The rhetorical genius is its austerity. No appeals to personal authenticity, no concession to "meaning", no cozy separation between heart and head. It’s a Victorian version of "do the work" - except the work is epistemic hygiene. The cost is baked in: he leaves little room for trust, intuition, or the ordinary leaps that make relationships and moral commitments possible. That severity is why it still stings; it reads less like advice than like indictment.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | William K. Clifford, "The Ethics of Belief", Contemporary Review (Jan. 1877) — famous opening line; reprinted in Lectures and Essays (1879). |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Clifford, William Kingdon. (2026, January 18). It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-wrong-always-everywhere-and-for-anyone-to-19577/
Chicago Style
Clifford, William Kingdon. "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." FixQuotes. January 18, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-wrong-always-everywhere-and-for-anyone-to-19577/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." FixQuotes, 18 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/it-is-wrong-always-everywhere-and-for-anyone-to-19577/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.





