"Many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices"
About this Quote
The key verb is “rearranging.” Prejudice doesn’t have to be defended head-on; it can be curated, refined, made more sophisticated. That’s the subtext: smart people are often the best at laundering their convictions. They can swap vocabulary, add caveats, cite authorities, adopt a new political aesthetic-all while keeping the same underlying conclusion intact. James’ phrasing suggests an interior decorator’s approach to belief: the furniture moves, the room stays the same.
Context matters. As a founder of American pragmatism, James judged ideas by their consequences, not their pedigree. He distrusted the comforting trance of certainty and the way institutions (religion, ideology, even academic systems) can reward coherence over truth. In that climate, “thinking” isn’t a badge; it’s a discipline, an action with risks attached. The line’s sting is ethical: if you’re only rearranging prejudices, you’re not just mistaken-you’re avoiding responsibility for what your beliefs do in the world.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Attributed to William James; commonly cited on Wikiquote (William James page). |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
James, William. (2026, January 17). Many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/many-people-think-they-are-thinking-when-they-are-25097/
Chicago Style
James, William. "Many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices." FixQuotes. January 17, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/many-people-think-they-are-thinking-when-they-are-25097/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices." FixQuotes, 17 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/many-people-think-they-are-thinking-when-they-are-25097/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.








