"Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when they do it from religious conviction"
About this Quote
Pascal lands the knife with a paradox: the most “complete” evil isn’t the stuff of cartoon villainy, it’s the kind performed with a clean conscience. The line works because it refuses the comforting story that cruelty requires malice. It suggests the opposite: give people a sacred rationale and they’ll supply the enthusiasm themselves, lubricating harm with the feeling of righteousness. “Cheerfully” is the tell. It’s not just that believers can do wrong; it’s that conviction can turn violence into a duty and duty into a kind of pleasure.
The intent isn’t a cheap dunk on religion so much as a diagnosis of moral psychology. Pascal, a devout Christian and a brilliant skeptic of human self-knowledge, is pointing to the way faith can become an alibi for the ego. Religious certainty offers an escape hatch from doubt, and doubt is often the last brake on cruelty. Once an act is framed as obedience to God, the actor stops having to negotiate with empathy, ambiguity, or competing claims of humanity. The person doing harm can even experience themselves as virtuous in the moment they are least so.
Context matters: 17th-century France was thick with theological warfare, factionalism, and the politics of salvation. Pascal lived amid Jansenist controversies and a Church-state ecosystem where doctrine had teeth. His target is the dangerous fusion of moral absolutism and institutional power: when a community elevates belief into unquestionable authority, violence becomes not a regrettable exception but a proof of fidelity.
The intent isn’t a cheap dunk on religion so much as a diagnosis of moral psychology. Pascal, a devout Christian and a brilliant skeptic of human self-knowledge, is pointing to the way faith can become an alibi for the ego. Religious certainty offers an escape hatch from doubt, and doubt is often the last brake on cruelty. Once an act is framed as obedience to God, the actor stops having to negotiate with empathy, ambiguity, or competing claims of humanity. The person doing harm can even experience themselves as virtuous in the moment they are least so.
Context matters: 17th-century France was thick with theological warfare, factionalism, and the politics of salvation. Pascal lived amid Jansenist controversies and a Church-state ecosystem where doctrine had teeth. His target is the dangerous fusion of moral absolutism and institutional power: when a community elevates belief into unquestionable authority, violence becomes not a regrettable exception but a proof of fidelity.
Quote Details
| Topic | Ethics & Morality |
|---|---|
| Source | Blaise Pascal, Pensées (Thoughts) — quotation commonly attributed to Pascal; see Pascal entry for citations and translations. |
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