"Nothing is so useless as a general maxim"
About this Quote
A general maxim flatters the mind with the illusion of mastery: one neat sentence that can supposedly stand in for experience, judgment, and the messy particulars of real life. Macaulay, a historian by trade and a Whig polemicist by temperament, is puncturing that convenience. His target isn’t wisdom itself but wisdom prepackaged as portable certainty. The barb lands because it’s a maxim about maxims, a neat little self-cancelling device that performs the very trick it condemns. That irony is the point: aphorisms feel authoritative precisely because they’re easy to remember and hard to disprove, not because they’re true in any useful way.
In Macaulay’s historical world, the stakes of such shortcuts were political. Nineteenth-century Britain loved its grand principles - about progress, liberty, order, empire - and public argument often rode on slogans that sounded like moral law. A historian trained to weigh evidence and contingency hears danger in that. General maxims dissolve context: they turn causes into morals, events into parables, and policy into a recital of first principles. They’re not wrong so much as unhelpful at the moment you actually need guidance, when circumstances are specific, incentives are mixed, and outcomes are uncertain.
The subtext is a defense of situated judgment: the idea that intelligence isn’t the ability to repeat a rule, but to know when a rule stops applying. Macaulay is warning that the broadest sayings are often the easiest alibis for not thinking.
In Macaulay’s historical world, the stakes of such shortcuts were political. Nineteenth-century Britain loved its grand principles - about progress, liberty, order, empire - and public argument often rode on slogans that sounded like moral law. A historian trained to weigh evidence and contingency hears danger in that. General maxims dissolve context: they turn causes into morals, events into parables, and policy into a recital of first principles. They’re not wrong so much as unhelpful at the moment you actually need guidance, when circumstances are specific, incentives are mixed, and outcomes are uncertain.
The subtext is a defense of situated judgment: the idea that intelligence isn’t the ability to repeat a rule, but to know when a rule stops applying. Macaulay is warning that the broadest sayings are often the easiest alibis for not thinking.
Quote Details
| Topic | Wisdom |
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