"One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman"
About this Quote
A single sentence that detonates the comforting myth of “nature” and leaves behind the machinery of culture. When Simone de Beauvoir writes, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman,” she’s not offering a motivational aphorism; she’s filing a philosophical indictment. The line turns “woman” from a biological fact into a social project, something manufactured through training, punishment, reward, and repetition. Its power is grammatical as much as political: “becomes” implies process, time, coercion, and contingency. If you can become it, it can be unmade.
The specific intent in The Second Sex (1949) is to sever femininity from destiny. Postwar France was busy reinstalling traditional gender roles under the glow of reconstruction: men as citizens and workers, women as wives, mothers, symbols of stability. Beauvoir, working in the wake of existentialism, rejects the idea that essence precedes existence. “Woman” is not an essence waiting in the body; it’s a status conferred by a world organized around male normativity.
The subtext cuts sharper: patriarchy doesn’t merely exclude women from full subjecthood; it scripts them into “the Other,” a category defined in relation to men rather than on its own terms. The sentence also anticipates later debates about gender as performance, without reducing life to costume. Becoming is not playacting; it’s socialization with consequences, from economic dependency to sexual expectation to the internal policing of desire.
That’s why it still lands. It doesn’t ask for sympathy. It demands we notice the factory.
The specific intent in The Second Sex (1949) is to sever femininity from destiny. Postwar France was busy reinstalling traditional gender roles under the glow of reconstruction: men as citizens and workers, women as wives, mothers, symbols of stability. Beauvoir, working in the wake of existentialism, rejects the idea that essence precedes existence. “Woman” is not an essence waiting in the body; it’s a status conferred by a world organized around male normativity.
The subtext cuts sharper: patriarchy doesn’t merely exclude women from full subjecthood; it scripts them into “the Other,” a category defined in relation to men rather than on its own terms. The sentence also anticipates later debates about gender as performance, without reducing life to costume. Becoming is not playacting; it’s socialization with consequences, from economic dependency to sexual expectation to the internal policing of desire.
That’s why it still lands. It doesn’t ask for sympathy. It demands we notice the factory.
Quote Details
| Topic | Equality |
|---|---|
| Source | Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949), opening line: "One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman." (French: "On ne naît pas femme: on le devient.") |
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