"Science must begin with myths, and with the criticism of myths"
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Popper opens with a provocation: the thing modernity flatters itself for escaping - myth - is precisely where science gets its first traction. “Must begin” is doing heavy lifting. He’s not romanticizing superstition; he’s reminding you that inquiry doesn’t start from a clean slate. It starts from stories people already live inside: cosmologies, intuitions, folk explanations, even the elegant “common sense” models that feel too obvious to question. Those are myths in Popper’s sense: not necessarily false, but insulated, taken-for-granted frameworks.
The second half is the scalpel. Science isn’t defined by having fewer myths; it’s defined by a posture toward them. “Criticism” signals Popper’s core commitment to fallibilism: knowledge advances by attempting to break its own narratives, not by polishing them into dogma. The subtext is a warning shot at two targets. One is naïve positivism, the fantasy that observation alone can generate theory. Popper insists you need a conjecture - a myth-like starting point - before you even know what to look for. The other is ideologies that cosplay as science by refusing risk, building systems that can explain everything and therefore can be refuted by nothing.
Historically, this lands as mid-century Europe’s hard-earned skepticism. Popper, having watched totalizing political myths turn lethal, recasts the scientific attitude as a civic ethic: tell your best story, then invite the most ruthless objections. That’s not cynicism; it’s an operating system for staying sane.
The second half is the scalpel. Science isn’t defined by having fewer myths; it’s defined by a posture toward them. “Criticism” signals Popper’s core commitment to fallibilism: knowledge advances by attempting to break its own narratives, not by polishing them into dogma. The subtext is a warning shot at two targets. One is naïve positivism, the fantasy that observation alone can generate theory. Popper insists you need a conjecture - a myth-like starting point - before you even know what to look for. The other is ideologies that cosplay as science by refusing risk, building systems that can explain everything and therefore can be refuted by nothing.
Historically, this lands as mid-century Europe’s hard-earned skepticism. Popper, having watched totalizing political myths turn lethal, recasts the scientific attitude as a civic ethic: tell your best story, then invite the most ruthless objections. That’s not cynicism; it’s an operating system for staying sane.
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| Topic | Science |
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