"The earliest phase of social formations found in historical as well as in contemporary social structures is this: a relatively small circle firmly closed against neighboring, strange, or in some way antagonistic circles"
About this Quote
The intent is analytic but also mildly provocative. Simmel is pushing against romantic accounts of social life that treat cohesion as purely positive. He implies that solidarity is often purchased with exclusion, and that boundaries are not incidental features of groups; they are the mechanism by which groups become “firmly” real. The word “circle” matters: it’s geometric, not moral. A circle is clean, complete, and self-referential. It also makes outsiders by definition.
Contextually, this sits inside Simmel’s broader interest in forms of social interaction: how patterns like conflict, secrecy, and sociability structure modern life. He’s writing during rapid urbanization and nationalism in Europe, when new kinds of mass society were forming and older hierarchies were being renegotiated. The subtext is that “primitive” isn’t a time period; it’s a pattern that resurfaces whenever communities feel pressure, competition, or uncertainty. The locked door is the oldest technology of belonging.
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Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Simmel, Georg. (2026, January 15). The earliest phase of social formations found in historical as well as in contemporary social structures is this: a relatively small circle firmly closed against neighboring, strange, or in some way antagonistic circles. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/the-earliest-phase-of-social-formations-found-in-148242/
Chicago Style
Simmel, Georg. "The earliest phase of social formations found in historical as well as in contemporary social structures is this: a relatively small circle firmly closed against neighboring, strange, or in some way antagonistic circles." FixQuotes. January 15, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/the-earliest-phase-of-social-formations-found-in-148242/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"The earliest phase of social formations found in historical as well as in contemporary social structures is this: a relatively small circle firmly closed against neighboring, strange, or in some way antagonistic circles." FixQuotes, 15 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/the-earliest-phase-of-social-formations-found-in-148242/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.






