"The need of expansion is as genuine an instinct in man as the need in a plant for the light, or the need in man himself for going upright. The love of liberty is simply the instinct in man for expansion"
About this Quote
Arnold dresses a politically explosive claim in the calm robes of natural law. By likening human “expansion” to a plant’s reach for light or the bodily fact of standing upright, he tries to make liberty feel less like an ideology and more like anatomy: not a preference, not a platform, but a built-in motion of the species. The rhetoric is strategic. If freedom is instinct, then coercion becomes not merely unjust but unnatural - a kind of social contortion.
The subtext, though, is where the Victorian tension leaks through. “Expansion” is a slippery word in the 19th-century British imagination: it can mean the inner growth of a person, the widening of rights, or the outward swelling of an empire. Arnold wants the moral prestige of the first two while borrowing the momentum of the third. His phrasing quietly flatters progress as inevitable. Those who resist liberal reform can be cast as people arguing against sunlight or biomechanics.
Context matters: Arnold is a poet-critic trying to stabilize a society buffeted by industrialization, class agitation, and the slow democratization of political life. He is not chanting revolution; he’s trying to reframe liberty as a disciplined, organic unfolding rather than a chaotic demand. That’s why the metaphor is botanical, not explosive. Liberty becomes growth, not rupture.
What makes the line work is its sly confidence: it converts a contested political value into a supposedly observable fact of nature. Persuasive, elegant - and a little dangerous, because “instinct for expansion” can sanctify emancipation or excuse domination, depending on who gets to define what counts as “growth.”
The subtext, though, is where the Victorian tension leaks through. “Expansion” is a slippery word in the 19th-century British imagination: it can mean the inner growth of a person, the widening of rights, or the outward swelling of an empire. Arnold wants the moral prestige of the first two while borrowing the momentum of the third. His phrasing quietly flatters progress as inevitable. Those who resist liberal reform can be cast as people arguing against sunlight or biomechanics.
Context matters: Arnold is a poet-critic trying to stabilize a society buffeted by industrialization, class agitation, and the slow democratization of political life. He is not chanting revolution; he’s trying to reframe liberty as a disciplined, organic unfolding rather than a chaotic demand. That’s why the metaphor is botanical, not explosive. Liberty becomes growth, not rupture.
What makes the line work is its sly confidence: it converts a contested political value into a supposedly observable fact of nature. Persuasive, elegant - and a little dangerous, because “instinct for expansion” can sanctify emancipation or excuse domination, depending on who gets to define what counts as “growth.”
Quote Details
| Topic | Freedom |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
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