"The private citizen, beset by partisan appeals for the loan of his Public Opinion, will soon see, perhaps, that these appeals are not a compliment to his intelligence, but an imposition on his good nature and an insult to his sense of evidence"
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Lippmann doesn’t flatter the voter; he demotes him. The “private citizen” is not the sovereign hero of civics class but a harried bystander, “beset” like prey, treated as a resource to be extracted: the “loan of his Public Opinion.” That one word, loan, is the tell. Parties don’t want your considered judgment; they want temporary custody of your assent, long enough to cash it at the ballot box and move on. Opinion becomes a kind of political credit line.
The sentence also performs its argument. It drags you through subordinate clauses the way modern politics drags you through talking points, then lands on a triple punch: “imposition,” “insult,” “evidence.” Lippmann is diagnosing a persuasion industry that relies on exhaustion and social pressure more than proof. The “compliment to his intelligence” is the fake seduction: campaigns pretend to respect you by constantly “asking” for your view, while actually assuming you’ll trade it for belonging, fear relief, or tribal satisfaction. He’s calling out the emotional blackmail baked into “partisan appeals”: the suggestion that a good person supports us, and only a bad (or stupid) person asks for receipts.
Context matters: Lippmann wrote in an era of mass newspapers, professionalized public relations, and propaganda lessons from World War I. He saw democracy colliding with information overload and managed perception. His warning isn’t that citizens are incapable; it’s that the system is built to convert their decency into compliance, and to treat evidence as optional whenever sentiment will do.
The sentence also performs its argument. It drags you through subordinate clauses the way modern politics drags you through talking points, then lands on a triple punch: “imposition,” “insult,” “evidence.” Lippmann is diagnosing a persuasion industry that relies on exhaustion and social pressure more than proof. The “compliment to his intelligence” is the fake seduction: campaigns pretend to respect you by constantly “asking” for your view, while actually assuming you’ll trade it for belonging, fear relief, or tribal satisfaction. He’s calling out the emotional blackmail baked into “partisan appeals”: the suggestion that a good person supports us, and only a bad (or stupid) person asks for receipts.
Context matters: Lippmann wrote in an era of mass newspapers, professionalized public relations, and propaganda lessons from World War I. He saw democracy colliding with information overload and managed perception. His warning isn’t that citizens are incapable; it’s that the system is built to convert their decency into compliance, and to treat evidence as optional whenever sentiment will do.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion (1922). Passage criticizing partisan appeals to private citizens' intelligence and sense of evidence. |
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