"The promise given was a necessity of the past: the word broken is a necessity of the present"

Niccolò Machiavelli’s statement, “The promise given was a necessity of the past: the word broken is a necessity of the present,” offers a sharp insight into the pragmatic and often cynical landscape of political and human behavior. The first phrase alludes to the fact that, under specific past circumstances, making a promise was essential, perhaps for gaining trust, securing an alliance, or ensuring cooperation. In such instances, the act of giving one’s word serves as a functional tool, shaped by the demands and expectations of that time. However, time alters context, and what once served a purpose may no longer be fitting for evolving realities.

The second phrase delivers an unvarnished assessment of present needs and circumstances. Breaking one’s word is described not as a moral failure but as a “necessity,” a required response to the challenges and demands that have arisen since the original promise was made. Machiavelli contends that rigidly adhering to past promises can become detrimental, especially when conditions change. He suggests that adaptability, even at the cost of one’s integrity or public image, is sometimes required to ensure survival or success, whether in politics, war, or personal affairs.

Such a perspective invites uneasy reflection. The juxtaposition of necessity in the past and necessity in the present creates a tension between idealism and realism. It speaks to the idea that moral codes and commitments are not always absolute, but instead may bend depending on what is expedient. Machiavelli, often labeled a proponent of realpolitik, underscores the importance of flexibility and recognizes the sometimes painful gap between promise and performance. In portraying the breaking of a word as a practical imperative, he challenges the audience to weigh the cost of loyalty to one’s past assurances against the pressing requirements of the present moment.