"The real problem is not whether machines think but whether men do"
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Skinner’s line lands like a slap at a party where everyone is arguing about the wrong guest. In the mid-century rush to mythologize “thinking machines,” he flips the anxiety: maybe the scandal isn’t artificial intelligence but natural stupidity - or, more precisely, human unreflectiveness. Coming from the patron saint of behaviorism, that reversal matters. Skinner distrusted cozy, inner-theater notions of “mind” that made consciousness feel like a private miracle. For him, what we call thinking is largely behavior shaped by reinforcement histories and environments. So the question “Can machines think?” is, in Skinner’s eyes, partly a category error and partly a diversion.
The subtext is an indictment of human agency as something we romanticize and then fail to practice. People like to pose “machine intelligence” as a boundary test: if a machine can do X, what does that make us? Skinner suggests the more urgent test is ethical and civic: are humans actually reasoning, or just emitting well-trained responses - slogans, habits, reflexive tribal cues - while calling it thought? That reads eerily contemporary in an age of algorithmic feeds and dopamine-optimized platforms. If the environment writes the script, “men” may not be thinking so much as being run.
There’s also a sly provocation aimed at philosophers and computer scientists: stop fetishizing cognition as an essence. Start interrogating the conditions that produce good judgment. Skinner’s wager is that intelligence isn’t a magic spark we either have or don’t; it’s a practice, and we’re neglecting it.
The subtext is an indictment of human agency as something we romanticize and then fail to practice. People like to pose “machine intelligence” as a boundary test: if a machine can do X, what does that make us? Skinner suggests the more urgent test is ethical and civic: are humans actually reasoning, or just emitting well-trained responses - slogans, habits, reflexive tribal cues - while calling it thought? That reads eerily contemporary in an age of algorithmic feeds and dopamine-optimized platforms. If the environment writes the script, “men” may not be thinking so much as being run.
There’s also a sly provocation aimed at philosophers and computer scientists: stop fetishizing cognition as an essence. Start interrogating the conditions that produce good judgment. Skinner’s wager is that intelligence isn’t a magic spark we either have or don’t; it’s a practice, and we’re neglecting it.
Quote Details
| Topic | Artificial Intelligence |
|---|---|
| Source | Unverified source: Contingencies of Reinforcement: A Theoretical Analysis (B. F. Skinner, 1969)
Evidence: p. 288 (Chapter 9, "The inside story"). Primary-source match is in B. F. Skinner’s own book (1969). The commonly-circulated wording “The real problem is not whether machines think but whether men do” appears to be a paraphrase/variant of Skinner’s original sentence: “the real question is not whet... Other candidates (2) Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs (Zbigniew Michalewicz, 1996) compilation95.0% ... The real problem is not whether machines think , but whether men do . B.F. Skinner , Contingencies of Reinforceme... B. F. Skinner (B. F. Skinner) compilation91.7% e evans p 73 the real question is not whether machines think but whether men do t |
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