"The right of conscience and private judgment is unalienable, and it is truly the interest of all mankind to unite themselves into one body for the liberty, free exercise, and unmolested enjoyment of this right"
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Unalienable is doing double duty here: it’s a moral claim and a political weapon. Ezra Stiles, a New England clergyman with one foot in the pulpit and the other in the revolutionary-era public square, frames conscience not as a quaint inner feeling but as a right you can’t legitimately sign away, surrender to a magistrate, or have “managed” by a state church. That’s an incendiary move in an 18th-century world where religious uniformity was often treated as the price of civic peace.
The cleverness is in the collectivist phrasing: “unite themselves into one body.” Stiles isn’t arguing for rugged individualism; he’s arguing for a coalition built around the protection of interior freedom. The subtext is pragmatic: if conscience is truly inalienable, then coercion is not just sinful, it’s futile and destabilizing. You can punish dissenters, but you can’t convert them by force; you only manufacture hypocrisy, resentment, and faction.
Calling it “the interest of all mankind” widens the frame beyond sectarian pleading. A Congregationalist minister is quietly piloting toward something like a civil religion of rights: pluralism justified not by indifference to truth, but by the limits of human authority over belief. “Free exercise” and “unmolested enjoyment” read like an early rights vocabulary, anticipating the American constitutional settlement where religion is protected precisely by refusing to let government pick winners.
Stiles’ intent, then, is both pastoral and strategic: safeguard the soul by limiting the state, and stabilize the state by refusing to police the soul.
The cleverness is in the collectivist phrasing: “unite themselves into one body.” Stiles isn’t arguing for rugged individualism; he’s arguing for a coalition built around the protection of interior freedom. The subtext is pragmatic: if conscience is truly inalienable, then coercion is not just sinful, it’s futile and destabilizing. You can punish dissenters, but you can’t convert them by force; you only manufacture hypocrisy, resentment, and faction.
Calling it “the interest of all mankind” widens the frame beyond sectarian pleading. A Congregationalist minister is quietly piloting toward something like a civil religion of rights: pluralism justified not by indifference to truth, but by the limits of human authority over belief. “Free exercise” and “unmolested enjoyment” read like an early rights vocabulary, anticipating the American constitutional settlement where religion is protected precisely by refusing to let government pick winners.
Stiles’ intent, then, is both pastoral and strategic: safeguard the soul by limiting the state, and stabilize the state by refusing to police the soul.
Quote Details
| Topic | Human Rights |
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