"The system becomes more coherent as it is further extended. The elements which we require for explaining a new class of facts are already contained in our system. In false theories, the contrary is the case"
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A good theory, Whewell argues, behaves less like a patchwork and more like a living map: the more territory you add, the clearer the routes become. That is a quietly radical standard for scientific thinking in the 19th century, when “natural philosophy” was hardening into modern science and Britain was drowning in new data from geology, astronomy, and biology. Whewell - who helped popularize the very word “scientist” - is policing what counts as real understanding in an age of competing grand explanations.
The intent is methodological, but the subtext is combative. He’s taking aim at systems that survive by improvisation: explanations that have to be bolted on, exceptions that multiply, ad hoc fixes that keep the façade standing. A false theory can look plausible at first precisely because it’s tuned to a narrow slice of facts; widen the lens and it starts to wobble, then sprawl. The rhetorical move is elegant: truth isn’t declared by authority or beauty, it’s stress-tested by expansion.
What makes the line work is its confidence in coherence as a diagnostic. Whewell is describing a kind of intellectual compounding interest: if your framework is genuinely in touch with the structure of reality, new discoveries won’t just be accommodated, they’ll feel prefigured. That’s also a subtle defense of scientific realism against mere curve-fitting - a warning that prediction and unification matter more than cleverness.
The intent is methodological, but the subtext is combative. He’s taking aim at systems that survive by improvisation: explanations that have to be bolted on, exceptions that multiply, ad hoc fixes that keep the façade standing. A false theory can look plausible at first precisely because it’s tuned to a narrow slice of facts; widen the lens and it starts to wobble, then sprawl. The rhetorical move is elegant: truth isn’t declared by authority or beauty, it’s stress-tested by expansion.
What makes the line work is its confidence in coherence as a diagnostic. Whewell is describing a kind of intellectual compounding interest: if your framework is genuinely in touch with the structure of reality, new discoveries won’t just be accommodated, they’ll feel prefigured. That’s also a subtle defense of scientific realism against mere curve-fitting - a warning that prediction and unification matter more than cleverness.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
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