"The wise man does not expose himself needlessly to danger, since there are few things for which he cares sufficiently; but he is willing, in great crises, to give even his life - knowing that under certain conditions it is not worthwhile to live"
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Prudence gets top billing here, but Aristotle won’t let it curdle into cowardice. The first clause is almost clinical: the wise person avoids “needless” danger because desire is selective. That’s a quiet shot at hot-blooded honor cultures where reputation demands constant proof through risk. Aristotle’s wise man isn’t thrill-seeking, and he isn’t easily baited; he values few things enough to gamble everything on them.
Then the sentence turns, and the turn is the point. In “great crises” he’ll pay the ultimate price, not from romantic self-sacrifice but from calculation about what makes a life worth having. Aristotle builds an ethics where flourishing (eudaimonia) depends on the conditions that make virtuous activity possible: some baseline of freedom, dignity, and civic order. If those collapse, survival can become mere biological persistence, stripped of the ingredients that let a person live well rather than simply live.
The subtext is political. Aristotle is writing out of the Greek polis, where citizenship, war, and public duty aren’t abstract ideals but daily realities. Courage, in his framework, is a mean between rashness and fearfulness, and this line carefully draws the boundary: avoid pointless hazards, but recognize moments when the stakes are so constitutive of the good life that risking death is rational. It’s also a rebuke to martyrdom-for-martyrdom’s-sake. The willingness to die isn’t a taste for death; it’s a refusal to let life be reduced to something unworthy of a human being.
Then the sentence turns, and the turn is the point. In “great crises” he’ll pay the ultimate price, not from romantic self-sacrifice but from calculation about what makes a life worth having. Aristotle builds an ethics where flourishing (eudaimonia) depends on the conditions that make virtuous activity possible: some baseline of freedom, dignity, and civic order. If those collapse, survival can become mere biological persistence, stripped of the ingredients that let a person live well rather than simply live.
The subtext is political. Aristotle is writing out of the Greek polis, where citizenship, war, and public duty aren’t abstract ideals but daily realities. Courage, in his framework, is a mean between rashness and fearfulness, and this line carefully draws the boundary: avoid pointless hazards, but recognize moments when the stakes are so constitutive of the good life that risking death is rational. It’s also a rebuke to martyrdom-for-martyrdom’s-sake. The willingness to die isn’t a taste for death; it’s a refusal to let life be reduced to something unworthy of a human being.
Quote Details
| Topic | Wisdom |
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