"There were two qualities about the mutual funds of the 1920s that made them extremely speculative. One was that they were heavily leveraged. Two, mutual funds were allowed to invest in other mutual funds"
About this Quote
The structure is prosecutorial: two counts, stated plainly, each one escalating the sense that the system wasn’t merely risky but designed to multiply risk. Heavy leverage turns a market hiccup into a wipeout. Letting funds invest in other funds adds a hall-of-mirrors layer where real assets get obscured by layers of financial IOUs. It’s not just betting; it’s betting with borrowed money on someone else’s bet, while everyone collects fees for pretending it’s diversification.
The subtext is a critique of regulatory naivete and financial innovation as theater. Chernow’s broader historical project often treats markets as human institutions, shaped by incentives, fashions, and storytelling. Here the story is: the 1920s didn’t collapse because people were uniquely foolish; they collapsed because the rules allowed speculation to be packaged as safety. The sentence also winks at the present: whenever complexity and leverage get normalized, “extremely speculative” arrives wearing a name tag that says “investment.”
Quote Details
| Topic | Investment |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Chernow, Ron. (2026, January 16). There were two qualities about the mutual funds of the 1920s that made them extremely speculative. One was that they were heavily leveraged. Two, mutual funds were allowed to invest in other mutual funds. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/there-were-two-qualities-about-the-mutual-funds-88612/
Chicago Style
Chernow, Ron. "There were two qualities about the mutual funds of the 1920s that made them extremely speculative. One was that they were heavily leveraged. Two, mutual funds were allowed to invest in other mutual funds." FixQuotes. January 16, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/there-were-two-qualities-about-the-mutual-funds-88612/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"There were two qualities about the mutual funds of the 1920s that made them extremely speculative. One was that they were heavily leveraged. Two, mutual funds were allowed to invest in other mutual funds." FixQuotes, 16 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/there-were-two-qualities-about-the-mutual-funds-88612/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2026.

