"To my utter despair I have discovered, and discover every day anew, that there is in the masses no revolutionary idea or hope or passion"
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Bakunin’s despair isn’t a lapse in revolutionary faith; it’s a hard diagnostic, delivered like a punch to the romantic myth of “the people” as a permanent insurgent engine. Coming from an anarchist who bet everything on spontaneous popular uprising, the line reads as both confession and provocation: if the masses aren’t already smoldering with “idea or hope or passion,” then the revolution is not a historical inevitability but a fragile, manufactured moment.
The rhetoric does a few sly things. “Utter despair” signals sincerity, but “discover every day anew” is the bitter twist: disappointment is not a one-time revelation; it’s a recurring fact of political life. Bakunin is describing not ignorance but inertia, the daily grind in which survival, habit, and fear beat ideology. The triple cadence - “idea or hope or passion” - matters. He’s not merely saying people lack a program (“idea”); they lack the emotional fuel that makes risk rational (“hope”) and the heat that overrides caution (“passion”). It’s a taxonomy of what revolt requires.
Context sharpens the cynicism. Writing in the wake of failed uprisings and the messy realities of 19th-century Europe - peasants wary of chaos, workers divided, states learning to repress more efficiently - Bakunin is also taking a swipe at vanguard illusions, including Marxist confidence in class consciousness as a near-automatic outcome. The subtext is brutal: revolutionaries can’t outsource courage to “the masses.” If liberation is coming, someone has to kindle it, and history offers no guarantees.
The rhetoric does a few sly things. “Utter despair” signals sincerity, but “discover every day anew” is the bitter twist: disappointment is not a one-time revelation; it’s a recurring fact of political life. Bakunin is describing not ignorance but inertia, the daily grind in which survival, habit, and fear beat ideology. The triple cadence - “idea or hope or passion” - matters. He’s not merely saying people lack a program (“idea”); they lack the emotional fuel that makes risk rational (“hope”) and the heat that overrides caution (“passion”). It’s a taxonomy of what revolt requires.
Context sharpens the cynicism. Writing in the wake of failed uprisings and the messy realities of 19th-century Europe - peasants wary of chaos, workers divided, states learning to repress more efficiently - Bakunin is also taking a swipe at vanguard illusions, including Marxist confidence in class consciousness as a near-automatic outcome. The subtext is brutal: revolutionaries can’t outsource courage to “the masses.” If liberation is coming, someone has to kindle it, and history offers no guarantees.
Quote Details
| Topic | Hope |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
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