"To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man"
About this Quote
A fortune-cookie line with a knife hidden inside it: Shakespeare gives us self-authenticity as moral algorithm, then quietly shows how dangerous that algorithm can be. Polonius offers this advice to Laertes in Hamlet as paternal wisdom, but the scene is stacked with dramatic irony. Polonius is a professional meddler, a court bureaucrat who surveils his own son and sends spies after him. The man preaching inner truth is, in practice, a master of performance. Shakespeare wants you to feel the wobble between the maxim and the mouth that speaks it.
The line works because it flatters the listener with the cleanest possible self-image. “To thine own self be true” presumes a stable “self” you can consult like a compass. In Hamlet’s Denmark, identity is costume, loyalty is transactional, and sincerity is often just another tactic. The subtext is less motivational-poster and more caution label: people who mistake self-consistency for virtue can justify almost anything. If your “true self” is selfish, cruel, or delusional, then being “true” becomes an excuse, not an ethic.
Even the second clause sneaks in a logical trap. “It must follow” makes morality sound automatic, as inevitable “as the night the day.” Shakespeare loves characters who cling to tidy causal stories; tragedy is what happens when the story doesn’t hold. In context, this isn’t Hamlet’s guiding principle. It’s the court’s self-soothing slogan, spoken by a man about to be undone by his own schemes. The advice lands because it’s elegant; it lingers because, in Hamlet, elegance is rarely innocence.
The line works because it flatters the listener with the cleanest possible self-image. “To thine own self be true” presumes a stable “self” you can consult like a compass. In Hamlet’s Denmark, identity is costume, loyalty is transactional, and sincerity is often just another tactic. The subtext is less motivational-poster and more caution label: people who mistake self-consistency for virtue can justify almost anything. If your “true self” is selfish, cruel, or delusional, then being “true” becomes an excuse, not an ethic.
Even the second clause sneaks in a logical trap. “It must follow” makes morality sound automatic, as inevitable “as the night the day.” Shakespeare loves characters who cling to tidy causal stories; tragedy is what happens when the story doesn’t hold. In context, this isn’t Hamlet’s guiding principle. It’s the court’s self-soothing slogan, spoken by a man about to be undone by his own schemes. The advice lands because it’s elegant; it lingers because, in Hamlet, elegance is rarely innocence.
Quote Details
| Topic | Honesty & Integrity |
|---|---|
| Source | Hamlet (William Shakespeare), Act 1, Scene 3 (Polonius's speech to Laertes), circa 1600–1601. |
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