"We cannot observe external things without some degree of Thought; nor can we reflect upon our Thoughts, without being influenced in the course of our reflection by the Things which we have observed"
About this Quote
The second clause turns the knife. Introspection, too, is contaminated: when we "reflect upon our Thoughts", the inventory of past observations pushes and pulls the direction of reflection. The self is not a sealed chamber; it is remodeled by the world's furniture. That makes the line feel less like an abstract claim about cognition and more like an ethics of inquiry. If your observations shape your thinking and your thinking shapes what you notice next, then intellectual honesty depends on recognizing the loop and auditing your own inputs.
Context matters: Whewell was writing in a century obsessed with scientific authority, when "facts" were becoming a kind of social currency. As a philosopher of science (and a key figure in debates with John Stuart Mill), he argued that science advances not by piling up observations but by imposing conceptual frameworks - "colligating" facts into an idea. This quote is a compact defense of that view, and a warning: our confidence in objectivity should be disciplined, not naive.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Help us find the source |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Whewell, William. (2026, January 16). We cannot observe external things without some degree of Thought; nor can we reflect upon our Thoughts, without being influenced in the course of our reflection by the Things which we have observed. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/we-cannot-observe-external-things-without-some-125049/
Chicago Style
Whewell, William. "We cannot observe external things without some degree of Thought; nor can we reflect upon our Thoughts, without being influenced in the course of our reflection by the Things which we have observed." FixQuotes. January 16, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/we-cannot-observe-external-things-without-some-125049/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"We cannot observe external things without some degree of Thought; nor can we reflect upon our Thoughts, without being influenced in the course of our reflection by the Things which we have observed." FixQuotes, 16 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/we-cannot-observe-external-things-without-some-125049/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.



