"We entered the 20th century trying to deal with three ideas purporting to define or describe or explain three spheres of action, development and conflict: Darwin on the natural world, Freud on the internal world, Marx on the economic world"
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The subtext is less about who was “right” and more about what happened when these frameworks became cultural common sense. Darwin isn’t just evolution; he’s the lens through which societies started explaining hierarchy and struggle as “natural,” sometimes with brutal political consequences. Freud isn’t just therapy; he’s the insinuation that motives are suspect, that the self is not transparent even to itself. Marx isn’t simply economics; he’s the claim that material conditions and class conflict are the hidden engine of politics, culture, and history.
Coming from a public servant, the intent feels practical as much as intellectual. It’s a way of explaining why governance in the modern world can’t rely on moral exhortation alone: policy has to contend with biology, psychology, and political economy, whether leaders acknowledge it or not. The triad also hints at fatigue - the realization that grand theories, once tools, can harden into dogmas, and that the 20th century was in part a fight over which explanatory story would be allowed to run the world.
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APA Style (7th ed.)
Jackson, Bruce. (2026, January 15). We entered the 20th century trying to deal with three ideas purporting to define or describe or explain three spheres of action, development and conflict: Darwin on the natural world, Freud on the internal world, Marx on the economic world. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/we-entered-the-20th-century-trying-to-deal-with-140755/
Chicago Style
Jackson, Bruce. "We entered the 20th century trying to deal with three ideas purporting to define or describe or explain three spheres of action, development and conflict: Darwin on the natural world, Freud on the internal world, Marx on the economic world." FixQuotes. January 15, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/we-entered-the-20th-century-trying-to-deal-with-140755/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"We entered the 20th century trying to deal with three ideas purporting to define or describe or explain three spheres of action, development and conflict: Darwin on the natural world, Freud on the internal world, Marx on the economic world." FixQuotes, 15 Jan. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/we-entered-the-20th-century-trying-to-deal-with-140755/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2026.






