"What treaty that the whites have kept has the red man broken? Not one!"
About this Quote
The intent is strategic and moral at once. Strategically, it exposes how U.S. officials framed Native resistance as faithless or savage while repeatedly treating agreements as temporary obstacles to expansion. Morally, it denies settlers the myth that the West was won by superior civilization rather than by systematic breach: broken promises, shifting lines, coerced cessions, and military enforcement when negotiation failed to produce the desired result.
The subtext cuts deeper than blame. Sitting Bull is also calling out the asymmetry of power behind the word "treaty". A treaty implies parity between nations; the history he invokes shows the opposite. When one party controls the courts, the army, and the narrative, "agreement" becomes a performance of legitimacy for conquest. His rhetorical question strips away that costume and recasts the United States as the unreliable party, the one living outside its own declared values.
Context sharpens the edge. By the late 19th century, after repeated violations across the Plains and the tightening vise of reservations, the claim isn't mere grievance; it's a ledger of survival. In a single sentence, Sitting Bull turns diplomacy into evidence and forces the listener to confront a grim consistency: the promise was never meant to last.
Quote Details
| Topic | Justice |
|---|---|
| Source | Later attribution: THE RED RECORD OF THE SIOUX. LIFE OF THE SITTING BULL AND... (W. FLETCHER JOHNSON, 1891) modern compilationID: ljG3QST44wIC
Evidence: ... What treaty that the whites have kept has the red man broken ? Not one . What treaty that the whites ever made with us red men have they kept ? Not one . When I was a boy the Sioux owned the world . The sun rose and set in their lands ... Other candidates (1) The Book of the American Indian (Sitting Bull, 1923)50.0% They have never fulfilled a treaty. (Chapter 7, near p. 217 in the 1923 edition (Project Gutenberg lines 2739-2749)).... |
| Cite |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Bull, Sitting. (2026, March 16). What treaty that the whites have kept has the red man broken? Not one! FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/what-treaty-that-the-whites-have-kept-has-the-red-21376/
Chicago Style
Bull, Sitting. "What treaty that the whites have kept has the red man broken? Not one!" FixQuotes. March 16, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/what-treaty-that-the-whites-have-kept-has-the-red-21376/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"What treaty that the whites have kept has the red man broken? Not one!" FixQuotes, 16 Mar. 2026, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/what-treaty-that-the-whites-have-kept-has-the-red-21376/. Accessed 17 Mar. 2026.







