"Words - so innocent and powerless as they are, as standing in a dictionary, how potent for good and evil they become in the hands of one who knows how to combine them"
About this Quote
Language starts out as furniture: inert, neatly stacked, “standing in a dictionary.” Hawthorne’s genius here is the bait-and-switch. He flatters words as “innocent and powerless,” then pivots to their real nature: volatile once a skilled mind starts combining them. The line reads like a moral observation, but its subtext is a warning shot from a novelist who spent his career exposing how rhetoric can launder sin into virtue and shame into social order.
Hawthorne was writing in a nineteenth-century America saturated with public moralism: sermons, reform tracts, abolitionist arguments, and the stern grammar of Puritan inheritance. In that world, words weren’t decoration; they were instruments of discipline and liberation. By isolating words in a dictionary, he’s mocking the idea that language is neutral or “just definitions.” Meaning doesn’t live in the word-as-object; it sparks in arrangement, in implication, in the story you tell around a fact.
The phrase “good and evil” matters, too. Hawthorne isn’t claiming that eloquence automatically elevates. He’s insisting that verbal craft is ethically double-edged: the same talent that can articulate conscience can also justify cruelty with a clean cadence. That’s the novelist’s burden and power. Fiction, like political speech, manufactures sympathy, assigns blame, makes private impulses look inevitable. Hawthorne’s sentence performs its own argument: patient clauses, careful balance, then the final punch - “in the hands of one.” Words are tools. The hand is where responsibility sits.
Hawthorne was writing in a nineteenth-century America saturated with public moralism: sermons, reform tracts, abolitionist arguments, and the stern grammar of Puritan inheritance. In that world, words weren’t decoration; they were instruments of discipline and liberation. By isolating words in a dictionary, he’s mocking the idea that language is neutral or “just definitions.” Meaning doesn’t live in the word-as-object; it sparks in arrangement, in implication, in the story you tell around a fact.
The phrase “good and evil” matters, too. Hawthorne isn’t claiming that eloquence automatically elevates. He’s insisting that verbal craft is ethically double-edged: the same talent that can articulate conscience can also justify cruelty with a clean cadence. That’s the novelist’s burden and power. Fiction, like political speech, manufactures sympathy, assigns blame, makes private impulses look inevitable. Hawthorne’s sentence performs its own argument: patient clauses, careful balance, then the final punch - “in the hands of one.” Words are tools. The hand is where responsibility sits.
Quote Details
| Topic | Writing |
|---|---|
| Source | The Scarlet Letter , 'The Custom-House' (prefatory essay), Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850; contains the line beginning 'Words - so innocent and powerless...' |
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