Play: The Learned Ladies

Overview
Molière's Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies), first performed in 1672, is a five-act comedy that skewers affectation, pseudo-intellectualism and social pretension. Set in a bourgeois household dominated by a passion for books and fashionable learning, the play contrasts natural feeling and common sense with affected scholarship and hollow rhetoric. The humor springs from verbal sparring, exaggerated personas and the collision of domestic life with academic pretension.

Plot and Structure
The central conflict concerns Henriette, a sensible young woman who wishes to marry her true love, Clitandre, while a circle of well-meaning but pretentious women, led by Philaminte, champions literary display and a more "learned" match. A smooth-talking poet, Trissotin, flatters and manipulates the salon's tastes, hoping to secure status and marriage. Comic complications arise as alliances shift and schemes are hatched, with witty confrontations and pointed lampoons of scholarly charlatanry. By the end, fashionable learning is exposed as vanity and hypocrisy, and natural affection and practical wisdom reassert themselves.

Principal Characters
Philaminte is the salon's director: well-meaning but dominated by a hunger for erudition that displaces ordinary domestic concerns. Henriette embodies sincerity and moderation, the play's moral center, while Clitandre represents genuine, honorable love. Trissotin is the quintessential pedant and parasite, a writer whose ostentatious learning masks laziness and self-interest. Chrysale, the practical head of the household, resents the inversion of priorities but often lacks the force to resist the salon's fashions. Comic relief and additional mockery of pretension come from other characters who mirror and amplify the play's satirical targets.

Themes and Satire
The play satirizes pedantry, vanity and the adoption of learning as social theater rather than as a means to knowledge. Molière targets the superficial reception of classical scholarship, the dangerous prestige given to rhetoric over virtue, and the ways social ambition can corrupt private life. The comedy also probes gender and authority: the salon gives some women cultural influence, yet Molière exposes how that influence can become self-deception when divorced from sincerity. Rather than condemning women's education per se, the satire criticizes falseness and the hollow performance of learning.

Language and Comic Technique
Molière employs sharp dialogue, irony and parody to puncture pomposity. The play's language alternates between elevated, bookish flourishes and plainspoken common sense to highlight the gap between appearance and reality. Ridicule comes from mismatched diction, pretentious quotations used out of context, and characters' self-contradictions. Trissotin's flattery and Chrysale's exasperation function as comic foils, while staged confrontations reveal the emptiness behind scholarly posturing.

Reception and Legacy
Les Femmes savantes quickly took its place among Molière's best-known comedies and has remained popular on stage for its timeless lampooning of intellectual vanity. Its portrait of social theater, performative expertise and the risks of mistaking form for substance continues to resonate in debates about taste, education and cultural distinction. The play endures as a witty, incisive defense of honesty and human feeling against the abuses of fashionable learning.