Short Story: The Roads Must Roll
Overview
Set in a near-future America stitched together by high-speed, moving "roads" that carry people and goods across regions like conveyor belts, the story imagines a world reshaped by large-scale mechanical infrastructure. The roads are marvels of engineering that have become essential to daily life, with specialized crews keeping them running and skilled technicians wielding real power because of their knowledge. The narrative pits the fragile social order that depends on continuous, reliable movement against a labor revolt that weaponizes the roads themselves.
The central drama explores what happens when the people who maintain critical systems feel undervalued and decide to force recognition through coordinated sabotage. Intimate, technical details of machinery, crew culture, and emergency procedures give the conflict a tense, mechanistic immediacy, while the personal stakes, crowded belts, trapped commuters, lives literally carried along by steel, keep the crisis visceral.
Plot
The story opens with a sudden, carefully engineered breakdown in a major rolling road, one that creates lethal speed differentials and cascading failures. Commuters are hurled, belts tilt, and the city grinds toward catastrophe. The disruption is not random; it is a deliberate action by a faction within the road crews who demand better conditions and leverage their monopoly over movement to stage a revolt. Their plan is to immobilize society by making the roads themselves untrustworthy, forcing authorities to the bargaining table.
An experienced engineer, an operator and mechanical expert who understands the roads from axle to belt, emerges as the protagonist. He refuses to let the public become a casualty of political games. Using technical skill, daring improvisation, and a willingness to enter the most dangerous engine rooms, he counters the saboteurs' tactics. The struggle moves from philosophical arguments about rights and recognition into a sequence of tense mechanical confrontations: regaining control of speed transitions, repairing or isolating damaged sections, and preventing deliberate derailments. The climax combines hands-on engineering heroics with physical confrontations, as the protagonist outwits and overwhelms the conspirators, restoring the roads while exposing the severity of the grievance that motivated the strike.
Characters and Conflict
Characters are drawn with two primary sympathies: the dedicated technicians who keep complex systems alive and the broader public whose safety depends on those systems. The protagonist represents technical competence, moral urgency, and a pragmatic sense of responsibility; he behaves like an engineer who understands that theory must be paired with decisive action. The antagonists are not cartoon villains so much as politicized craftsmen who have come to believe that halting society is the only way to force change. Their knowledge makes their threat credible, and the story complicates judgment by showing the legitimacy of their complaints even as it condemns their destructive methods.
Secondary figures, the managers, the commuters, the indifferent public, accentuate the themes. Management complacency and social underestimation of skilled labor are shown as contributing causes of the crisis, while the public's vulnerability underlines the moral weight of the technicians' choices. The interplay of responsibility, power, and accountability is the emotional core of the conflict.
Themes and Impact
The Roads Must Roll interrogates the social consequences of technological dependence, especially what happens when the people who actually know how things work are ignored. It champions competence, discipline, and the moral obligation that comes with specialized knowledge, while also warning against the peril of turning indispensable skills into instruments of coercion. The story anticipates later science fiction concerns about infrastructure, cybernetic control, and labor politics by dramatizing how systems thought to be neutral can become political by virtue of who controls them.
As both a suspenseful adventure and a thoughtful essay on engineering ethics, the tale has enduring influence. It balances vivid mechanical problem-solving with broader questions about respect, authority, and the human costs of modern convenience, leaving readers to ponder how societies should treat the people who keep the world running.
Set in a near-future America stitched together by high-speed, moving "roads" that carry people and goods across regions like conveyor belts, the story imagines a world reshaped by large-scale mechanical infrastructure. The roads are marvels of engineering that have become essential to daily life, with specialized crews keeping them running and skilled technicians wielding real power because of their knowledge. The narrative pits the fragile social order that depends on continuous, reliable movement against a labor revolt that weaponizes the roads themselves.
The central drama explores what happens when the people who maintain critical systems feel undervalued and decide to force recognition through coordinated sabotage. Intimate, technical details of machinery, crew culture, and emergency procedures give the conflict a tense, mechanistic immediacy, while the personal stakes, crowded belts, trapped commuters, lives literally carried along by steel, keep the crisis visceral.
Plot
The story opens with a sudden, carefully engineered breakdown in a major rolling road, one that creates lethal speed differentials and cascading failures. Commuters are hurled, belts tilt, and the city grinds toward catastrophe. The disruption is not random; it is a deliberate action by a faction within the road crews who demand better conditions and leverage their monopoly over movement to stage a revolt. Their plan is to immobilize society by making the roads themselves untrustworthy, forcing authorities to the bargaining table.
An experienced engineer, an operator and mechanical expert who understands the roads from axle to belt, emerges as the protagonist. He refuses to let the public become a casualty of political games. Using technical skill, daring improvisation, and a willingness to enter the most dangerous engine rooms, he counters the saboteurs' tactics. The struggle moves from philosophical arguments about rights and recognition into a sequence of tense mechanical confrontations: regaining control of speed transitions, repairing or isolating damaged sections, and preventing deliberate derailments. The climax combines hands-on engineering heroics with physical confrontations, as the protagonist outwits and overwhelms the conspirators, restoring the roads while exposing the severity of the grievance that motivated the strike.
Characters and Conflict
Characters are drawn with two primary sympathies: the dedicated technicians who keep complex systems alive and the broader public whose safety depends on those systems. The protagonist represents technical competence, moral urgency, and a pragmatic sense of responsibility; he behaves like an engineer who understands that theory must be paired with decisive action. The antagonists are not cartoon villains so much as politicized craftsmen who have come to believe that halting society is the only way to force change. Their knowledge makes their threat credible, and the story complicates judgment by showing the legitimacy of their complaints even as it condemns their destructive methods.
Secondary figures, the managers, the commuters, the indifferent public, accentuate the themes. Management complacency and social underestimation of skilled labor are shown as contributing causes of the crisis, while the public's vulnerability underlines the moral weight of the technicians' choices. The interplay of responsibility, power, and accountability is the emotional core of the conflict.
Themes and Impact
The Roads Must Roll interrogates the social consequences of technological dependence, especially what happens when the people who actually know how things work are ignored. It champions competence, discipline, and the moral obligation that comes with specialized knowledge, while also warning against the peril of turning indispensable skills into instruments of coercion. The story anticipates later science fiction concerns about infrastructure, cybernetic control, and labor politics by dramatizing how systems thought to be neutral can become political by virtue of who controls them.
As both a suspenseful adventure and a thoughtful essay on engineering ethics, the tale has enduring influence. It balances vivid mechanical problem-solving with broader questions about respect, authority, and the human costs of modern convenience, leaving readers to ponder how societies should treat the people who keep the world running.
The Roads Must Roll
Set in a near-future industrial society, moving continuous 'roads' form the backbone of transportation and become the site of labor unrest and technological conflict.
- Publication Year: 1940
- Type: Short Story
- Genre: Science Fiction
- Language: en
- View all works by Robert A. Heinlein on Amazon
Author: Robert A. Heinlein
Comprehensive author biography of Robert A Heinlein covering his naval career, major novels, themes, collaborations and influence on science fiction.
More about Robert A. Heinlein
- Occup.: Writer
- From: USA
- Other works:
- Life-Line (1939 Short Story)
- The Man Who Sold the Moon (1940 Short Story)
- Methuselah's Children (1941 Novel)
- Beyond This Horizon (1942 Novel)
- Waldo (1942 Short Story)
- The Puppet Masters (1951 Novel)
- Double Star (1956 Novel)
- The Door into Summer (1957 Novel)
- Citizen of the Galaxy (1957 Novel)
- Have Space Suit, Will Travel (1958 Children's book)
- All You Zombies— (1959 Short Story)
- Starship Troopers (1959 Novel)
- Stranger in a Strange Land (1961 Novel)
- Glory Road (1963 Novel)
- The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (1966 Novel)
- I Will Fear No Evil (1970 Novel)
- Time Enough for Love (1973 Novel)
- Job: A Comedy of Justice (1984 Novel)
- The Cat Who Walks Through Walls (1985 Novel)