"But some one will say that this supreme Being, who made all things, and those also who conferred on men particular benefits, are entitled to their respective worship"

Lactantius, an early Christian author, advances an engaging discourse in this quote that ponders the nature of divine hierarchy and the attribution of praise. The central theme revolves around the difference between the supreme Being, or God, who is credited with the production of all things, and lesser entities or beings who may have provided particular advantages to mankind.

The initial idea, "But some one will say", presents a hypothetical counterargument that anticipates a standard pagan view. In the polytheistic belief systems widespread throughout Lactantius's time, it was common for people to praise a pantheon of gods, each accountable for various elements of life or nature. Followers provided their respect based on particular requirements or gratitude for perceived advantages gave upon them by these divine beings. Lactantius expects this viewpoint and seems to set up a discussion between monotheistic and polytheistic perspectives.

When he referrals the "supreme Being, who made all things", Lactantius highlights the Christian doctrine of monotheism, emphasizing that there is one supreme, supreme Creator. This supreme Being, in Christian theology, is certainly entitled to worship due to the act of development itself-- a divine deed that surpasses all others in splendour and significance.

On the other hand, he acknowledges that there are "those likewise who provided on males particular advantages". This expression might refer to angels, saints, or other magnificent representatives acknowledged within Christianity as serving God's purpose. In pagan contexts, it might describe minor gods or demigods. Lactantius explains that while these entities may have value or significance for their particular functions, their contributions do not equate to the universal and fundamental act of development performed by the supreme Being.

The expression "are entitled to their respective worship" welcomes reflection on the nature and instructions of worship. Lactantius appears to be challenging the idea that all entities who provide benefits are similarly deserving of the exact same level of worship as the Creator. Rather, there seems to be an implicit require discerning the proper allotment of spiritual veneration. This distinction is essential in separating between worship due to supreme divinity and honor or regard managed to lesser, albeit significant, beings within the larger framework of magnificent order.

In summary, this passage catches a nuanced discussion in between varying theological perspectives, encouraging a deeper understanding of the monotheistic principle that sees God as singularly deserving of ultimate worship while still acknowledging the roles played by other divine representatives in the cosmic order.