"Excellence, then, is a state concerned with choice, lying in a mean, relative to us, this being determined by reason and in the way in which the man of practical wisdom would determine it"
About this Quote
The famous “mean” is often misread as bland moderation. Aristotle’s trick is “relative to us”: the right amount isn’t mathematically in the middle, it’s calibrated to the person and the moment. Courage isn’t halfway between cowardice and recklessness for everyone; it depends on what you fear, what’s at stake, and what capacities you’ve built. That makes virtue demanding, not soothing. It turns ethics into something like skilled performance: judgment, timing, proportion.
The subtext is anti-rulebook. Aristotle gives “reason” pride of place, but not as cold logic; it’s practical reason, the intelligence you develop by living, failing, noticing patterns, and learning what actually produces a good life. That’s why he invokes “the man of practical wisdom” (phronimos): not a theorist, a model of trained perception. Context matters too. In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle is writing for citizens who want to flourish in a polis, not for saints aiming at purity. Excellence here is civic and human-scale: a craft of character built through choice, accountable to reality, allergic to extremes.
Quote Details
| Topic | Ethics & Morality |
|---|---|
| Source | Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Book II, ch. 6 (Bekker 1106b36–1107a2). English translation (W.D. Ross) — see Perseus Tufts edition. |
| Cite | Cite this Quote |
Citation Formats
APA Style (7th ed.)
Aristotle. (n.d.). Excellence, then, is a state concerned with choice, lying in a mean, relative to us, this being determined by reason and in the way in which the man of practical wisdom would determine it. FixQuotes. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/excellence-then-is-a-state-concerned-with-choice-33013/
Chicago Style
Aristotle. "Excellence, then, is a state concerned with choice, lying in a mean, relative to us, this being determined by reason and in the way in which the man of practical wisdom would determine it." FixQuotes. Accessed February 2, 2026. https://fixquotes.com/quotes/excellence-then-is-a-state-concerned-with-choice-33013/.
MLA Style (9th ed.)
"Excellence, then, is a state concerned with choice, lying in a mean, relative to us, this being determined by reason and in the way in which the man of practical wisdom would determine it." FixQuotes, https://fixquotes.com/quotes/excellence-then-is-a-state-concerned-with-choice-33013/. Accessed 2 Feb. 2026.








